Hitting a Baseball Is It the Hardest Thing to Do in All...

Have you ever wondered how baseball players are able to crush 400 foot homeruns? It takes years and years to perfect a baseball swing to be able to do that. Swinging a bat and hitting a baseball is a lot more difficult than most people think. The pros make it look so easy because they have to perfect many mechanics just to hit a ball hard on the sweet spot of the bat. â€Å"Hitting is the single most difficult thing to do in sport.† this coming from Ted Williams, one of the greatest hitters of all time. Hitting a baseball requires more mechanical precision compared to other sports (Williams). When baseball first started, the scores would be very low because no one knew how important the mechanics of the baseball swing were. This period of†¦show more content†¦Linear hitting really got started when the bats got lighter and the handles got skinnier. When this change occurred, it made it easier to shorten a player’s swing so he could reach the ball faster. This me thod also became more popular because it is easy to learn and to replicate. More young hitters are now using it because it teaches a player to get his power from his hands, wrists, and arms. But most kids have problems with this way of thinking because they are looking to hit homeruns. So instead, they drop their hands, swing hard, and then hit the ball straight up. Linear hitting really focuses on getting your hands to the ball and through the ball to make good contact (Jones). The big strong hitters today that look to try and pull the ball and hit for power use the hitting philosophy called rotational hitting. Rotational hitting is turning and pulling the ball. Most of the hitters who use rotational hitting usually do not have high averages. Rotational hitting teaches using your body, mainly the core, to generate more power. The whole goal of rotational hitting is just trying to hit the ball harder. Mike Epstein is most associated with the rotational philosophy and made it popul ar. If a player is just looking to hit the ball harder and farther, he should probably try rotational hitting (Epstein). Through time, the method of hitting has changed a lot. The two main hitting styles are linear and rotational hitting. From 1920 to 1975, rotational hitting wasShow MoreRelatedWhy Baseball Is the Most Difficult Sport Essay examples1144 Words   |  5 PagesOut of all the vast variety of sports there are, baseball is the most challenging and difficult sport to play. No other sport compares to the degree of difficulty that you have to deal with, like you do in playing the game of baseball. There are so many different elements that make this game the most difficult. Three major elements stick out in my mind as to why this wonderful sport is the toughest of all. The three main factors in my mind are the increased physical and hand eye coordination componentRead MoreBaseball Is The Hardest Sport Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesBaseball is the Hardest Sport All sports in some ways are difficult. No two sports are exactly the same with the same struggles. Playing baseball is the most difficult due to the physical and mental challenges that are performed by the athletes. Baseball is not a sport that any athlete can just pick up and play. Professional baseball players have a season with 162 games before post season. Baseball players arent the biggest, the strongest, or the fastest. A baseball player can be any size andRead MoreEssay about Discourse Community1391 Words   |  6 Pagesappeals. Being in a discourse community has made me put these appeals into perspective. Understanding that being in that community made me a stronger woman. This will give me a chance to show you, my professor and classmates that softball is indeed a sport. I will prove why I attended this discourse community in softball at a young age to now by explaining the mental state of understanding the rules, the physical mechanisms, and the emotional connection it has on my authority, team and myself. HavingRead MoreEssay on The Use of Sterioids in Baseball1434 Words   |  6 PagesSteroids In Baseball Baseball was meant to be a sport for people to play and to have fun while doing it. It was like that for a while until drugs such as steroids started becoming more accessible. There has been an ongoing conversation lately about cheating in sports. Within the four major sports in the US, baseball has been talked about the most when it comes to cheating. It is not only a problem in Major League Baseball. Young kids playing in college use steroids. Nowadays, athletes will tryRead MoreAthletes Overpaid? Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pagesand teamwork, none of these things are on an SAT or a college admissions test. When someone watches a sporting event they don’t learn anything that has to do with the history of the world, important literature, essential science knowledge, or necessary math skills (aside from watching the score). These are four of the most important things needed to be successful in life. None of which come from watching professional athletes bouncing a ball, throwing a ball, or hitting a ball. When it is reallyRead MoreHow to Play Golf1607 Words   |  7 Pagesis a lot of sports you can play throughout your life but I would have to say playing golf is the most challenging. Like in basketball you can practice your free throw shots multiple times and keep getting close to the hoop, which is the target, and get frustrated that it didn’t go in. But in golf you rarely ever get close to the target and when you do it’s like making a basket, you are super excited. It takes patients, and dedication to keep practicing. The first thing you need to do if you areRead MorePresident Roosevelt and The Selective Training and Service Act2983 Words   |  12 Pagesgame of baseball was at an all-time high in the eyes of the American public. During the 1941 major league baseball season the fans of game knew they witnessed two things that would go on to be very special. First Joe DiMaggio reached a feat that very well may never happen again, hitting safely in 56 consecutive games. Then Ted Williams went on to finish the season with a batting average of .406, marking the last time a player has finished the season with a batting average over .400. As baseball blossomedRead MoreThis Photo Shows My Mom. She Is What Got This Family Up1694 Words   |  7 PagesThis photo shows my mom. She is what got this family up to their potential. She is always there to help us when we need her and she helped us do better and get the best that she can provide. Even though everything in the background owned by my dad but noth ing could have been done without her. This picture was taken in Vernon California 2016 at a company that’s considered big to most people and still growing. My mom was 9 when she left home and moved from one families house to another, to work andRead MoreNormal Distribution and Standard Deviation1399 Words   |  6 Pagesdistribution, range, standard deviation, stimulus Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) Most professional baseball pitchers can throw a fastball over 145 km/h (90 mph). This gives the batter less than half a second to read the pitch, decide whether to swing, and then try to hit the ball. No wonder hitting a baseball is considered one of the hardest things to do in sports! 1. What are some things in your life you must react to quickly? You need to react quickly when you areRead MoreThe Legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay2170 Words   |  9 PagesPeople do not acknowledge the struggles that African Americans had to endure for them to be treated equally, the way a true American is supposed to be treated. One of the ways they were not treated equally was by not being able to participate in sports with whites. From the beginning of our nation, colored people were highly disrespected and treated as if they were some type of animals, which have no say in what happens to them. They were not given any opportunities and were treated harshly because

Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) Essay - 872 Words

Youth crime is a growing epidemic that affects most teenagers at one point in their life. There is no question in society to whether or not youths are committing crimes. It has been shown that since 1986 to 1998 violent crime committed by youth jumped approximately 120% (CITE). The most controversial debate in Canadian history would have to be about the Young Offenders Act (YOA). In 1982, Parliament passed the Young Offenders Act (YOA). Effective since 1984, the Young Offenders Act replaced the most recent version of the Juvenile Delinquents Act (JDA). The Young Offenders Act’s purpose was to shift from a social welfare approach to making youth take responsibility for their actions. It also addressed concerns that the paternalistic†¦show more content†¦Youth crime is a tough issue, with many differing opinions. Punishment and rehabilitation, one, the other, or both, all topics of debate within society. If you were to discuss the issues with the parents of a victim, it would be understandable that their opinions would differ greatly than those of the parents of the offender. Many people have formed an opinion without an in depth look at the act. Others simply do not care. The question that needs to be answered is, does the Youth Criminal Justice Act in Canada properly address the victims rights, the rights and needs of the young offender, and does it protect public safety? That question is hard to answer, as some people think that the Act is a more decent and humane way to approach young persons in trouble with the law. On the other hand others feel it offers too much protection to those whom least deserve it -- the young offenders, and very little to those who deserve it -- the victims. The Youth Criminal Justice Act should concentrate on making young offenders aware that they will be held responsible and accountable for their behaviour. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Today, despite the fact that youth crime ratesShow MoreRelatedThe Youth Criminal Justice Act893 Words   |  4 Pagesfire. The youth criminal justice Act (YCJA) provided opportunities for them to reintegrate and rehabilitate, instead of throwing them in jail. YCJA covers kids between the ages twelve to seventeen years old. It s purpose is to handle youth offenders more differently than adults because of their undeveloped minds. The YCJA was released back in 2003. By protecting the rights and providing Youth Canadians the support they need, the YCJA benefits the offenders in a positive way. The act gentrustRead Moreimprovements of our youth criminal justice system Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesWhen thinking about youth crime do you envision a country with a high rate of young offenders, gang activity and re-offending? Or do you envision a country with a significant increase of young offenders either being successfully reintegrated into society, or help ed by a community when seeking forgiveness for a minor offence that they have committed? Since the passing of Bill C-7 or the Youth Criminal Justice Act on February 4, 2002 by the House of Commons, many significant improvements have beenRead MoreThe Youth Criminal Justice Act879 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"I have always found that mercy bears richer fruits than strict justice† –Abraham Lincoln Why is it that gardeners spend so much time nurturing their precious flowers? Perhaps the answer lies in the satisfaction which is gained from raising beautiful blooms. In like manner, Canada’s government believes that their flourishing youth deserve care and support in their journey of learning morals. The Youth Criminal Justice Act is a system which enforces the punishment of teenagers from the ages of 12-17Read MoreYouth Criminal Justice Act881 Words   |  4 PagesWhen someone mentions the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), some would argue that there is no purpose for it. Some believe that the age boundary is inappropriate; some believe that children should not have reduced sentences and special rights; and some may think that a youth’s criminal record should be accessible in the future. If one would look at all of the positive aspects, statistics, and examples that apply to the YCJA, then they would better appreciate the statute that applies to the youngRead More Juvenile Delinquency Act ( Jda ) And Young Offenders Act1260 Words   |  6 Pagesetc. Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), a part of Canadian Legislation, determines the process of prosecution for youths under the Canadian Criminal Justice system. This has assisted several young adults reintegrate into society. It contains a set of definitive purposes and principles to aid judges in deciding sentences that are appropriate for youth. Prior to the YCJA, the Youth Justice Legislation was greatly influenced by two major acts: Juvenile Delinquents Act (JDA) and Young Offenders Act (YOA)Read MoreYouth Criminal Justice Act Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pagescontinue the government established the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) which gives young offenders a chance to better themselves, and. By doing so, the YCJA helps teach youth that their actions are unacceptable and the punishments imposed are lesser then an adult. Through the analysis of their unacceptable actions, lesser punishments and a better future, it is clear that YCJA is highly effective at giving youth a better chance in society. The YCJA teaches youth that their actions were unacceptableRead MoreYouth Criminal Justice Act1532 Words   |  7 PagesThe Youth Criminal Justice Act is a piece of Canadian legislation...that determines the way in which youths are prosecuted under Canadas criminal justice system. The act was implemented April 1, 2003, after 7 years, 3 drafts, and more than 160 amendments. The clearly stated purpose of the Youth Criminal Justice Act is protection of the public through crime prevention, rehabilitation, and meaningful consequences (s.3(1)(a)(I-iii)). For a better understanding on whether the courts were followingRead MoreHow Effective Is The Youth Justice System Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction How effective is the Youth Justice System in responding to youth crime? Since the arrival of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) came into effect, the crime rates have decreased. Previously Canada had one of the highest youth incarceration rates in the western world. However since the Youth Criminal Justice Act got put into place in 2003, the crime rates have declined significantly. The Youth Justice System does their best to better and rehabilitate the adolescents that get intoRead MoreThe For Young Boys From Hell s Kitchen New York1657 Words   |  7 PagesHow would you feel if one act of immaturity defined the rest of your life? Not very good one would imagine. However it does happen and in this case it has happened to four young boys from Hell’s Kitchen New York. A simple idea of a funny prank on the local hot dog vender turned into a nightmare for the boys. Their prank got them charged with Criminal Negligence causing Bodily Harm, Theft and Mischief over $5,000. The b oys were sentenced to a young boy’s home where they were sexually and psychicallyRead MoreYCJA841 Words   |  4 PagesMental Illness and Risk-Needs Responsivity Referring to aspects from Goldson and Muncie’s (2006) article on â€Å"a youth justice with integrity† (pp. 99-102), the essay will argue that section 38 of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) should incorporate a risk-needs responsivity model (RNR) to the sentencing structure. Moreover, this addition should replace the 2012 amendments of section 38, which incorporated deterrence and denunciation into sentencing practices (s. 38(2)(f)). This amendment has

Highland Products free essay sample

The Webster Industries case is about a company that has seen a lot of growth throughout the years. As a result management became strained and needed to divide the company into groups with a divisional corporate structure. In 1974 the company was faced with financial troubles due to a combination of economic slowdown and growing too quickly. Webster grew too fast and this resulted in â€Å"sloppy staffing†. The company did have a PA process in effect, but it was used on a voluntary basis. The mindset of the employees is that anything can be appealed to the President and Chairman; no decision is really final and can be brought before the owners. The main issue that caused all these layoffs to be done was the fact that the company did not seem to have a growth plan in action to help control and streamline the process. According to a plant manager, â€Å"Staffing was done sloppily, so we ended up with a lot of fat†. We will write a custom essay sample on Highland Products or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Carter tried to adjust his departments through demotions to trim the fat, but was denied. Given the task at hand, to let go 43 managers Carter needs to make sure that he can justify his reasons. Also the perception of fairness is important. He doesn’t seem to understand how that fits into the decision making process. It would be a good idea to involve someone from HR to help make sure that the decisions are fair and it does not seem to single out one group from another. Unfortunately he cannot rely on the PAS, so this will have to be done through determining criteria. Out of all the options that Carter has thought of, the trim the fat option would be best. This is because it is easier to identify positions that are redundant or are no longer an important part of the business. Carter should start by evaluating the positions themselves. Through identifying which positions are no longer needed he can then start to look at personnel. Then he can devise a plan of which managers to let go. If there are some employees that show growth and promise this would be the time to switch things up. I think that Carter should develop his termination list without consulting the criteria that the president has laid out for him. Those criteria develop biases through the selection process. People that should be let go because they do not perform or their position is no longer needed could be protected due to Webster’s guidelines. During this selection process Carter needs to make sure that he is documenting his decisions and work with HR to ensure that he is not violating any EEOC or other regulations that could put the company in legal hot water. The owners of Webster Industries have set a precedence of showing the managers that they do not have control over the decisions made in each department. Employees can appeal to the owner’s for any decisions, including promotions. This process needs to be stopped. The owner’s need to trust their management to make the correct decisions and stand behind them when questioned about it because without that it creates an environment of â€Å"I don’t like what you told me so I’ll take it to someone who will give me the answer I want†. This company has been known to take care of its employees and they should show they care even after the employee has been released. Since approximately one-half of the employed residents work for Webster it would be a good idea to provide employees that have been laid off with all the resources available to them. Whether it is information about unemployment benefits, resume writing workshops, interview skills, and current openings in other companies around Clearwater. By providing these displaced workers with information about what to do next will show the employees that while they couldn’t keep everyone, they still care about what happens. The ineffectiveness of the performance appraisal system makes it difficult to utilize it as a tool to determine whom to let go. While this issue cannot be solved before the decision is to be made it would be a good idea for Webster’s HR department to form a comprehensive performance appraisal system to be used in the future to help the company make better strategic hiring/re-organization decisions. This will be a hard transition, but making sure that the lines of communication are open will help employees get back on track. The company needs to make an effort to explain what is happening, why it is happening and how they make their decisions. Not everyone is going to like it, but they need to have good documentation in case any legal issues arise from this round of layoffs.

Economy Efficiency and Effective Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Economy Efficiency and Effective. Answer: Introduction: The terms economy, efficiency and effectiveness are often used imprecisely especially referring to value for money. This is because the implications of these terms have transcended their technical meanings to apply to broader areas in the world. The same applies to the words efficiency and effectiveness. The paper would show how these three terms are used imprecisely especially while describing public contexts. The author would go on to introduce the three terms namely, economy, efficiency and effectiveness in their literal meaning and then go deeper into these terms to show the actual usage of them. The paper would show the vast usage of these terms and how they have transcended their literal meanings to serve broader public services perspectives. The researcher would discover that these three words are interrelated and cannot be studied with each other. The organisation considered to conduct the study is the Irish branch of HSE, HSE Ireland (hse.ie 2018). Economy: The term economy refers to areas of production of goods and services. The term is used to mark areas of distribution or trading of goods and services. An economy is often defined as a system which enables manufacture, distribution and consumption of goods. The consumers in different economies enjoy services like public health and medical services for subsidised costs. Thus, here economy acts a facility which enables circulation of financial capital between the producers (public sector health service providers) and consumers. As this definition points out that the term is not restricted within any specific country or geographical area (Veleva et al. 2015). Economies have no specific physical boundaries as they are systems which enable flow of money from, producers (health service providers) to patients (consumers) all over the world. Audretsch, Lehmann and Wright (2014) argue that the above discussion apparently points out that financial resources flow in the global economy freely whi ch is not true and feasible. The flow of financial resources in the global economy is controlled by governments and international organisations to ensure that the resources flow into the areas of further public benefits (Arvis et al. 2016). The governments regulate the flow of money within their jurisdictions through various public service organisations like apex banks and stock exchanges. The governments regulate the flow of money within their jurisdiction to provide services to their people. For example HSE Ireland is a public sector health service which works according to the directives of the European Union on no gain or profit basis (hse.gov.uk 2018). This involvement of governments in the welfare of people through public services adds value to the money flowing in the global economy. These important roles of governments and international organisations have led to use of the word economy and countries interchangeably. The following are the new aspects of the word economy which is used in global scenario today: Traditional economy: Traditional economies are economies in which customs, traditional perceptions and beliefs decide the production of goods and services in the economies. These factors even decide the terms and manners the producers and consumers exchange goods and services. The traditional economies are mostly restricted within rural areas where the medium of exchange is not standardised (Edwards 2017). People exchange products of certain values with products of equal values. This analysis shows that traditional economic systems are not developed to allow large scale flow of goods. This purpose is served by modern economies which are empowered with the infrastructure to allow and control flow of resources all round the world. Modern economies: The term modern economy refers to economies which have the infrastructure to allow global flows of money. The following are the salient features of modern economies: Integration and logistisation of economies: Stiglitz and Rosengard (2015) point out that, modern economies today are characterised by massive logistization of resources between countries. The governments, the suppliers, wholesalers and logistics companies today form strategies regarding movement of goods and services between countries. For example, the public services like HSE Ireland enable flow of medical services throughout Ireland to ensure access of Irish people to treatment and healthy lives. The logistics arms of HSE transports medicines to the most interior areas of Ireland to ensure that the patients can get access to these facilities easily. Thus, the term economy in the global context can be referred to as networks controlled by governments to enhance the value of money (Sini 2015). Informatization: Another salient feature of modern economies is use of information technology to integrate and manage movement of goods and services. For example, the government of Ireland can gain use its information network to gain information on the requirements for medical aids in different regions in the country. The government then collaborates through HSE, its health sector organisation working under public sector with other non-profit making organisations to provide medical services in those areas (Lei, Mol and Shuai 2017). This meeting demand and supply generates revenue in the global economy. Thus, it can be inferred from the discussion that without informatization flow of goods, services and financial resources are not possible. External market impacts on flow of goods and services: Modern economies are characterised by influences from external market like other countries on the flows of goods, services and financial capital. The demand and supply of goods services in one economy today influences the other. The economies today share resources which allow economies to satisfy the shortage of supply of resources by acquiring it from other economies. Similarly, the excess supply of goods and services can be channelized into other economies (Schaltegger, Hansen and Ldeke-Freund 2016). Thus this integration between markets enables the consumers to obtain goods and service even from foreign markets (Stiglitz and Rosengard 2015). For example, the public services like HSE Ireland enable the people to consume medicines which manufactured in other countries. Thus, it can be inferred that external market influences enable more efficient circulation of goods and services like medicines and medical facilities respectively within Ireland and ensuring of health development among the people (Lei, Mol and Shuai 2017). The findings from the above discussion points out that unlike traditional economy, the term economy in modern sense is more global in nature. The three characteristics of the modern economy are presence of logistics as an important element of flow of goods and services, the use of information technology inmanagement of the global logistics systems and global influences on the domestic markets (Gabaix and Maggiori 2015). These attributes have become more relevant because they enable the governments to shift goods like medical from one part of the country to another. For example, HSE Ireland undertakes rescue operations and evacuation operations of the people during accidents like fire and natural calamities. Thus the public service is heavily dependent on logistics and availability of information during rescuing the victims (Lei, Mol and Shuai 2017). The most notable characteristic of modern economies are that the manufacturing sector and service sector obtain their human resources fr om the educational institutes. For example, HSE acquires trained medical and paramedical staffs to treat patients from reputed medical colleges. The modern economies can again be divided into the following types: Command economic system: A command economic system is a system where the resources are completely under the control of centralised authorities like the governments. The governments in command economies make strategies to control the logistization of goods and services within the economy. These governments as a result have full control over the financial capital which is generated by the flow of goods and services from producers to consumers (Dudin et al. 2014). The governments of command economies take the responsibilities of generating employment and provide services to their people. The command economies do not experience development of private sector industries and do not encourage entry of multinational companies. For example, in the below graph, there are two arbitrary countries, Country A and Country B, both assumed to be command economies. Country A has 200 HSE nurses compared to 100 HSE nurses in demand which means 100 nurses remain unutilised or unemployed. Again, country B produces only 100 HSE nurses compared to 150 HSE nurses demanded which means there exists of a deficit of 50 HSE nurses. This means in case of country A 100 HSE nurses remain unemployed and in case of country B, the supply falls short by 50 HSE nurses. Market economic system: The free market economies or open economies are characterised by participation of household sector and the industrial sector to control flow of goods, services and financial capital. The household sector creates demand for the goods while the industrial sector produces goods and services to fulfil the demand. It is apparent that governments have no role to play in free market economies but in reality free market economies do not exist (Frerichs 2017). The governments in these systems form the policies which the industries have to follow while operating in the market. As far as public sector is concerned, bodies like HSE Ireland regulate the other organisations to ensure that they enforce safety measures for their employees. Thus market economies organisations like HSE ensure benefit of people working in different organisations (Lei, Mol and Shuai 2017). Mixed economic system: Mixed economies are characterised by presence of both public and private sector industries. The governments in these economies control important sectors like defence and railways. The governments in mixed economic systems like Ireland; besides private sector organisations provide their residents with basic services like health services. For example, the Health Services Executive (HSE) is a health service providing body in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The body provides health care services to people, especially the ones who cannot afford expensive treatments in private hospitals (hse.ie 2018). The health sectors in mixed economies experience heavy growth of private sector companies including multinational companies both of indigenous and foreign origin. The governments in the mixed economies form policies and laws to regulate the private sectors (Chueva et al. 2016). Moreover, HSE is a government body which makes policies which all other sectors are supposed to follow in ensuring h ealth and safety of their employees. For example, according to the previous example, let it be assumed that both country A and B have changed to open economies. Now country A can relocate 50 HSE nurses to country B as shown in the graph below. Country B can meet its supply deficit in public sector health service while country A can earn extra revenue. Thus, in mixed economic systems governments facilitate exports and imports of goods between countries. These sharing of resources allow countries producing excess commodities export to other countries which experience shortage of those commodities. The governments and companies involved in exporting commodities are able to earn huge revenues. This discussion proves clearly that term modern economy experiences flow of products and money between countries or economies under strict control of governments (Dudin et al. 2014). Findings from the discussions: The discussion above reveals several facts about the term economy and its usage in the global context. The term economy refers to the system which facilitates flow of goods, services and financial capital. The definition apparently points out that the term economy is autonomous. However, in reality these flows of goods, services and money between countries are not uncontrolled. The governments and international organisations manage the flow of resources within their jurisdiction (Lei, Mol and Shuai 2017). For example, the health sector cannot function efficiently in the Irish economy without the intervention of public sector bodies like HSE. This role of governments in controlling the flow of resources within their jurisdictions has resulted in diversity in the flow of resources and capital generated (Maclean, Jagannathan and Panth 2018). Thus, prominent roles of governments of countries have led to the use of terms economies and countries interchangeably. The discussion points out that the term economy is actually vast and embraces factors like extent of government interventions in the operations of different countries or economies. The traditional economies were restricted within rural areas and were characterised by exchange of goods of equal values. The modern economies are characterised by logistization, use of IT to manage logistics and countries influencing each others markets. The discussion points out that modern economies are characterised by participation of public services like government run public health services like HSE Ireland and their private counterparts (hse.ie 2018). The modern economies are mostly mixed economies which experience presence of private sector companies in manufacturing goods and services. The main role of the governments today is to provide the economies with security from external aggression and form laws to facilitate the functioning of the industrial sector. The discussion stresses on the flow of goods and services and generation of revenue. It must be pointed out that the aim of economic functions is to maximise the flow of products in order to generate maximisation of revenue or gaining efficiency. Economic activities aim to generate maximise output from minimum inputs. It can also be interpreted in monetary terms that efficiency is the capability of earning the maximum possible financial returns from investments in the markets (Serrador and Turner 2015). This aim of economic activities of gaining efficiencies often leads to imprecise use of the two terms interchangeably. Efficiency: The term efficiency generally means the ability to produce target output by wasting minimum amount of resources. The implications of the term target output vary with industry and contexts (Johnson, Leenders and McCue 2017). Efficiency in public sector refers to providing important services to the people either at very low cost or almost free of cost. For example, HSE Ireland is one such public sector health organisation which provides services to people of Ireland on non-profit basis. Thus efficiency here means adding value to money by channelizing it towards public welfare (hse.ie 2018). Types of efficiency: Efficiency in economic perspective: Efficiency in manufacturing industries refers to ability of producing finished goods by generating minimum wastage. The term from economic perspective can mean optimum allocation of resources to satisfy market demands and reducing their wastage. The public health service providing organisations refer to efficiency as their ability to serve maximum number of patients by allocating minimum resources (Gottfredson et al. 2015). The term efficiency today embraces several areas like bringing about economic development of local population, environmental benefits, energy efficiency and stakeholder benefits. For example, the health sector in Ireland is consists of two tiers namely, public sector health care systems and private sector health care facilities. Ireland has one of the advanced healthcare systems in the world where more than fifty percent of the spending comes from the government alone as shown in the graph below (Bukhari and Kazi 2016). The public sector health care systems like HSE Ireland provide employment to a large number of people, thus creating employment opportunities in the countrry. The body collaborates with the voluntary organisations to provide better services, thus bringimg about social welfare. It is evident from the collaboration of HSE Ireland with pathological laboratories and insurance companies to bring about more innovative treatment packages in the public health care system in terms of both product and pricing. It must also be noted that foreign multinational health care and insurance companies are also contributing to the efficiency of the health care facility in Ireland. Thus, it can once be pointed out that collaboration between countries lead to efficiency in different industries as shown in the example (Ranchhod et al. 2014). Thus, this discussion reveals that the close connectedness of efficiency of industries and collaboration between countries (which are often termed as economies) have led to the imprecise use of the terms economies and efficiency. Effectiveness: The term effectiveness refers to the capacity of producing desired outcome. Apparently, it looks as if effectiveness is same as efficiency. A closer look at the effectiveness and its use shows that the term is associated with quality while the term efficiency is more associated with quantity (Serrador and Turner 2015). Production efficiency: The term efficiency is used by economists to refer to the level at which an economy can no longer produce a particular without lowering production of another commodity. Here, the term efficiency can be interpreted as the stage where an economy has allocated its maximum available resources towards producing a commodity and requires allocating more resources from other production systems to continue production of the commodity (Lei, Mol and Shuai 2017). Here again it can be pointed out that countries or economies instead of deducting resources from other economies to increase production of certain commodities, imports resources or finished goods from other economies. For example, public health service bodies like HSE imports medicines from foreign markets to meet the increasing medical demands. This has made more medical facilities available to the people of Ireland, thus making the health sector more efficient (Cao, Duan and Li 2015). This shows that economies play crucial role in ens uring effectiveness in their production of goods. Conclusion: The above discussion clearly points out the grounds responsible for imprecise use of the terms economy, efficiency and effectiveness. These terms are interrelated and are often used interchangeably. The three terms are today used as value for money especially in terms of public services provided by governments all round the world. However, this system though apparently automatic, calls for intervention of governments and international organisations to control these flows of products and money. These pivotal roles of governments in control economic systems have led countries being referred to as economies. The 2nd term, efficiency refers to the capability of governments of countries or their public services arms to produce services by incurring minimum wastage of resources and bearing minimum expenditure. As pointed out, governments play pivotal roles in providing infrastructure for industries to work efficiently and boost their productivities. Thus, economies or countries (government s) play important roles in ensuring efficiency in production of goods (medicines) and services (medical treatments). This important role of economies in gaining efficiency has led to the two being used interchangeably. The third term effectiveness refers to the quality aspect of the services rather than efficiency, which stresses on the quality aspect of the products. The discussion clearly shows that achievement of effectiveness and production of high quality products requires allocation of capital resources which in turn requires companies to be efficient. This means that the companies are required to produce products in large amounts to sell them to maximum consumers and generate high revenue which it can channelize towards gaining effectiveness. Thus, effectiveness is dependent on efficiency and organisations need to achieve both to sustain in the competitive market. It can also be construed from the discussion, that when organisations gain effectiveness and efficiency and earn huge revenue, it ultimately leads the revenue generation of the government of the country. The government can then channelize this revenue towards development of the economy. Thus one can conclude by stating the words economy, efficiency and effectiveness are used imprecisely because they are closely related and one cannot be achieved without fulfilment of the other. References: Arvis, J.F., Saslavsky, D., Ojala, L., Shepherd, B., Busch, C. and Raj, A., 2016. Trade logistics in the global economy: the logistics performance index and its indicators. Audretsch, D.B., Lehmann, E.E. and Wright, M., 2014. Technology transfer in a global economy.The Journal of Technology Transfer,39(3), pp.301-312. Aviva.ie. 2018. About Aviva | Aviva Group Ireland plc. [online] Available at: https://www.aviva.ie/group/aboutaviva/ [Accessed 13 Feb. 2018]. Bukhari, A.N. and Kazi, R., 2016. CRM triggers effectiveness through Customer Selection Orientation, Business Cycle Orientation, Cross-Functional Integration and Dual Value Creation: Myth or Reality. Journal of Marketing Management, 4(1), pp.163-171. Cao, G., Duan, Y. and Li, G., 2015. Linking business analytics to decision making effectiveness: a path model analysis. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 62(3), pp.384-395. Chueva, T.I., Niyazova, G.M., Metsler, A.V., Shkurkin, D.V., Aznabaeva, G.H. and Kim, L.I., 2016. Approaches to the development of endowment funds in Russia as an instrument of mixed financing of the social sphere.International review ofmanagement and marketing,6(1S). Despeisse, M. and Ford, S., 2015, September. The role of additive manufacturing in improving resource efficiency and sustainability. In IFIP International Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems (pp. 129-136). Springer, Cham. Dudin, M., Lyasnikov, N., Veselovsky, M., Sekerin, V. and Aleksakhina, V., 2014. The problem of forecasting and modelling of the innovative development of social-economic systems and structures. Edwards, M.E., 2017.Regional and urban economics and economic development: theory and methods. Routledge. Frerichs, S., 2017. The rule of the market: economic constitutionalism understood sociologically. Gabaix, X. and Maggiori, M., 2015. International liquidity and exchange rate dynamics.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,130(3), pp.1369-1420. Gottfredson, D.C., Cook, T.D., Gardner, F.E., Gorman-Smith, D., Howe, G.W., Sandler, I.N. and Zafft, K.M., 2015. Standards of evidence for efficacy, effectiveness, and scale-up research in prevention science: Next generation. Prevention Science, 16(7), pp.893-926. Hse.gov.uk. 2018. EU Legislation - International business - HSE. [online] Available at: https://www.hse.gov.uk/aboutus/europe/eu-legislation.htm [Accessed 13 Feb. 2018]. Ireland's Health Service. 2018. Welcome to the National Immunisation Office Website - Ireland's Health Service. [online] Available at: https://www.hse.ie/eng/health/immunisation/ [Accessed 13 Feb. 2018]. Johnson, P.F., Leenders, M.R. and McCue, C., 2017. A comparison of purchasings organizational roles and responsibilities in the public and private sector. Journal of Public Procurement, 3(1), pp.57-74. Lei, Z., Mol, A.P. and Shuai, Y., 2017. Environmental Information Disclosure in China: In the Era of Informatization and Big Data.Frontiers of Law in China,12(1), pp.57-75. Maclean, R., Jagannathan, S. and Panth, B., 2018. Introduction. In Education and Skills for Inclusive Growth, Green Jobs and the Greening of Economies in Asia (pp. 19-40). Springer, Singapore. Ranchhod, A., Gur?u, C., Loukis, E. and Trivedi, R., 2014. Evaluating the educational effectiveness of simulation games: A value generation model. Information Sciences, 264, pp.75-90. Schaltegger, S., Hansen, E.G. and Ldeke-Freund, F., 2016. Business models for sustainability: Origins, present research, and future avenues. Serrador, P. and Turner, R., 2015. The relationship between project success and project efficiency. Project Management Journal, 46(1), pp.30-39. Sini, M.P., 2015. A Reflection On The Problems Of Evaluating The Coexistence Balance Between Short And Long Chain In The Agri-Food Market: Some Impact Indicators.European Scientific Journal, ESJ,11(23). Stiglitz, J.E. and Rosengard, J.K., 2015.Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. Stiglitz, J.E. and Rosengard, J.K., 2015.Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton Company. theOECD. 2018. Health resources - Health spending - OECD Data. [online] Available at: https://data.oecd.org/healthres/health-spending.htm [Accessed 13 Feb. 2018]. Veleva, V., Todorova, S., Lowitt, P., Angus, N. and Neely, D., 2015. Understanding and addressing business needs and sustainability challenges: lessons from Devens eco-industrial park. Journal of Cleaner Production, 87, pp.375-384.

Fidler, J.R., Zechmeister, E.B., & Shuaghnessy, J.J. (1988). Memory Fo

Fidler, J.R., Zechmeister, E.B., (1988). Memory for frequency of hearing popular songs. American Journal of Psychology, 101, 31?49. "Remember that song we heard the other day? What was it called? I wish I could remember." If this has ever happened to you please listen carefully to what I have to say. The following journal article looks into the question; does frequency correlate with familiarity for the remembrance of songs. The hypothesis was, specifically; people with a high knowledge of certain stimulus area should be able to identify frequency patterns more often than those who had little knowledge of the area. The findings could be used to determine whether or not people high knowledge of that certain stimulus area should be able to recognize the music patterns and process it as meaningful data more than people with low knowledge of that certain area. The music chosen for the experiment was "well?known" songs, based on music magazine album charts, and unfamiliar songs, chosen for their similar rhythm, instrumentation, and style. The music was recorded onto two tapes made up of 10 second excerpts and separated into "well?known" and unfamiliar. After trying to identify the artist and title on the tapes, the tapes were replaced by one tape with 52, 10 second excerpts. There were 16 different excerpts repeated one, two, three or four times in a mixed order. For a total of 40 excerpts. The restconsisted of filler songs that were not heard before, but considered familiar. Analyses were carried out using the average frequency estimates for excerpts heard once through four times, the zero?presented items were analyzed separately. The findings were oddly opposite of what one might expect. THe frequency estimates for unfamiliar songs were higher than those of familiar songs. Although, the average estimated frequency increased as true frequency increased. The correlation between estimated and actual frequency was greater overall for subjects in the familiar song group, average being .68. The group who listened to unfamiliar songs performed lower, but not enough to rely on, average here being .58. The experiment did succeed in demonstrating that persons judging unfamiliar songs were less able to identify correctly exact frequency of presentation than were persons judging familiar songs. They did find that those who subjected to the unfamiliar songs did falsely overestimate the frequency a song was heard. Another factor in the accuracy of the subjects was there prior knowledge of music. The researchers surmised that ability to remember event frequency is likely to be related to degree of knowledge of the to?be?remembered material when information other than that already obtained is available to aid repeated discrimination. The premiss of the experiment, that frequency and reucuring judgement tests, could be applied to other fields. I base this statement on a theory I have about music and learning ability. I believe that if we would put information into a musical form witha chorus and other lyrics, for example auditory theory, and have it explain what it does and doesn't state to be true. My theory is based on the fact that students, myself included, are able to memorize music lyrics and even the instrument solos after about seven playings and be able to recall the song completely at any time and need only hear it once or twice again to remember it again after a hiatus.

Free Essays on Conneticut

Connecticut Connecticut’s original pre-Columbian inhabitants included the western Niantic, Nipmuc, and wappinger Indians. The Connecticut River gave the area its name, a Mohican word meaning â€Å"the long river†. European settlement began in 1633 when Dutch fur merchants from hew Netherlands placed a trading post at modern Hartford. English Puritans founded towns at Windsor and wethersfeild in of that year. In 1637, rev. Thomas Hooker brought his Puritan congregation form Cambridge, Massachusetts, to settle at Hartford, which the Dutch had abandoned. Therefore founding the colony of Connecticut. Tensions with the Pequot escalated following the death of nine English mariners in 1634. these tensions resulted in Massachusetts sending a punitive expedition to punish that tribe in August 1636 two Indian villages were burned. Connecticut militia joined with the Piquot’s Indian enemies in a war that killed probably 40% of the 2,000 Pequot in 1637, compared to only 50 out of the 800 militia. Hartford, Windsor, and wethersfeild agreed on January 24, 1639, to govern themselves by the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. This frame of government established a legislature and court system . By 1662 fifteen other towns founded in the Connecticut valley had adopted the Fundamental Orders, which were never confirmed by a royal charter. Congregationalism receive legal protection as the colony’s established church. meanwhile Connecticut organized itself to the colony of New Haven in 1643. After the Stuart dynasty resumed the English throne in 1660, Charles II gave Connecticut the right of self-government by a charter dated May 3 1662. the charter also gave the new government jurisdiction over New Haven’s towns. Which were then done away with. Connecticut briefly lost its rights to self-government when it was placed under the authority of the autocratic domain of New England in 1687, but it resumed ... Free Essays on Conneticut Free Essays on Conneticut Connecticut Connecticut’s original pre-Columbian inhabitants included the western Niantic, Nipmuc, and wappinger Indians. The Connecticut River gave the area its name, a Mohican word meaning â€Å"the long river†. European settlement began in 1633 when Dutch fur merchants from hew Netherlands placed a trading post at modern Hartford. English Puritans founded towns at Windsor and wethersfeild in of that year. In 1637, rev. Thomas Hooker brought his Puritan congregation form Cambridge, Massachusetts, to settle at Hartford, which the Dutch had abandoned. Therefore founding the colony of Connecticut. Tensions with the Pequot escalated following the death of nine English mariners in 1634. these tensions resulted in Massachusetts sending a punitive expedition to punish that tribe in August 1636 two Indian villages were burned. Connecticut militia joined with the Piquot’s Indian enemies in a war that killed probably 40% of the 2,000 Pequot in 1637, compared to only 50 out of the 800 militia. Hartford, Windsor, and wethersfeild agreed on January 24, 1639, to govern themselves by the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. This frame of government established a legislature and court system . By 1662 fifteen other towns founded in the Connecticut valley had adopted the Fundamental Orders, which were never confirmed by a royal charter. Congregationalism receive legal protection as the colony’s established church. meanwhile Connecticut organized itself to the colony of New Haven in 1643. After the Stuart dynasty resumed the English throne in 1660, Charles II gave Connecticut the right of self-government by a charter dated May 3 1662. the charter also gave the new government jurisdiction over New Haven’s towns. Which were then done away with. Connecticut briefly lost its rights to self-government when it was placed under the authority of the autocratic domain of New England in 1687, but it resumed ...

Financial risks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial risks - Essay Example Transaction exposure is linked with the future gain or loss which the company will be making related to future obligation settlements. To handle transitional risk, company goes for different hedging techniques, but hedging if more profitable in the short terms as compared to long term (Shim, Shim & Siegel, 2008, pp 365). Economic exposure is the most sensitive exposure because its effect is far broader as compared to the others. The extent to which economic exposure will affect a company depends on nature of the company or the industry in which company is. These economic factors can be macro economic factors which have their impact world wide or can be micro economic factors like socio-economic factors or political factors specifically to a particular country (Shim, Shim & Siegel, 2008, pp 365). The main motto of any organization is to reduce cost of production and to increase profit for the stakeholders. As through marketing, the management tries to increase revenue, so such strategies are being made through which BMW can increase their sale in those countries where currency is appreciating or is over valued and they will restructure their marketing plan for the countries where currency is depreciating or are undervalued. Same strategy is adopted while launching new product into market; BMW introduces its new products when currencies are appreciating so that they can collect revenue as high as possible. Thus the process is more or less like a long term call option. BMW remain highly cautious for finalizing their marketing expenditure. Company always keeps in mind that marginal expenditure made on any unit should be less than the marginal profit per unit. Strategy for production is just the reverse of marketing strategy as the company always tries to lower down production cost as far as possible. BMW expands its production capacity

Use of computers in construction cost controlling process Essay

Use of computers in construction cost controlling process - Essay Example Cost planning is the means that enables the objectives of project cost management to be achieved. It is the process used during the design stage of a particular scheme to help minimize the cost of construction and subsequent usage, and maximize the functionality that is anticipated by the client. Cost planning is, in fact, a system of procedures and techniques used by quantity surveyors. Its purpose is to ensure that clients are provided with value for money on their projects; that clients and designers are aware of the cost consequences of their proposals; that if they so choose, clients may establish budgets for their projects; and the designers are given advice that enables them to arrive at practical and balanced designs within budget. Therefore cost planning monitors and helps direct design and organizational decisions in order to achieve the clients cost objectives. Cost planning is a process that brings cost information to bear systematically upon the evolution, construction, and maintenance of a project to highlight the relationship between capital and operational investment, quality, function, and appearance, and to provide a framework for the management of costs in order to deliver value for money to the client.( Flangan, 1997) The cost plan is one of the principal documents prepared during the initial stages of the cost management process. It is a statement of the proposed expenditure for each section or element of a building related to a definite standard of quality. ... estimate, tender figure and final account sum are all closely related. Cost Planning : Cost planning is the means that enables the objectives of project cost management to be achieved. It is the process used during the design stage of a particular scheme to help minimize the cost of construction and subsequent usage, and maximize the functionality that is anticipated by the client. Cost planning is in fact a system of procedures and techniques used by quantity surveyors. Its purpose is to ensure that clients are provided with value for money on their projects; that clients and designers are aware of the cost consequences of their proposals; that if they so choose, clients may establish budgets for their projects; and the designers are given advise that enables them to arrive at practical and balanced designs within budget. Therefore cost planning monitors and helps direct design and organizational decisions in order to achieve the clients cost objectives. Cost planning is a process that brings cost information to bear systematically upon the evolution, construction and maintenance of a project to highlight the relationship between capital and operational investment, quality, function and appearance, and to provide a framework for the management of costs in order to deliver value for money to the client.( Flangan, 1997) The cost plan is one of the principal documents prepared during the initial stages of the cost management process. It is a statement of the proposed expenditure for each section or element of a building related to a definite standard of quality. Costs, quantities and specification details are itemized by

Describe your ideal company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Describe your ideal company - Essay Example Additionally, these steps can assist a potential employee in carrying out self-evaluation to determine their personal needs in the job market. The first stage is known as the self-assessment stage. At this stage, an employee determines his/her preferred skills, the most suitable working conditions expected. Moreover, the employee analyzes the interests and values expected from the job. The second stage involves the employee exploring their options. This step involves exploring occupations and conducting research market. The next phase in career planning involves decision-making. This is the stage whereby an individual evaluates the available information relating to their personal profile and matches them with a suitable market opportunity. At this stage, setting of career goals is also accomplished, and the relevant steps required for achieving the goals are set. The last stage involves taking action by identifying the possible occupations at the disposal of the person seeking employment (Mather, 2011: 18). My ideal workplace would be at Sotheby’s. The company specializes in auctioneering and specialty retail. Additionally, it is a public company trading in the New York Securities Exchange market. The company was founded in the United Kingdom but is currently headquartered in New York City in the United States. However, it has more than 90 divisions in more than 40 countries worldwide. The company’s operations are divided into three lines of businesses namely auction, finance and dealer. The company additionally deals in brokerage of fines, decorative art and jewelry and other collectibles. Due to its diversified business portfolio, Sotheby’s is the largest art business. In reference to the financial report for 2012, the company made sales worth more than $5.8 Billion. In line with Hofstede’s perspective on culture, the company deals with employees of different cultures. However, in an effort to avoid stereotyping

Strategic Human Resources Practices At Tesco

Strategic Human Resources Practices At Tesco This report reviews and discusses the strategic Human Resource and practices at Tesco. Strategic HRM has gained both credibility and popularity over the past decade, specifically with respect to its impact on organisational performance (Paauwe, J Boselie P. 2003). By the introduction of strategic management Tesco has introduced a high commitment model which offers training and development to all employees with this the role of HR within the organisation has increased in importance. Strategic management helped Tesco to expand its business. Tesco operates in a very competitive market; the consumer has a choice where to shop for their groceries. With this Tesco expanded their portfolio to include CDs, DVDs, electrical goods and clothing. Recently they have expanded into the financial services offering customers products from Credit cards to insurance. All their products are available on the internet 24 hours a day Their slogan, every little helps is used to show their commitment to customers, this has been used to reduce prices and to increase the level of customer service. This slogan is now used in their staff training; the human-resource strategy at Tescos revolves around work simplification, challenging unwritten rules, rolling out core skill s to all head-office employees and performance management linked to achieving steering-wheel targets. This highlights the way in which Tescos business measures are closely linked to performance management (Anonymous 2003). Tesco ensures that each and every employee has the opportunity to understand his or her individual role in contributing to the Tesco core purpose and values. This requires an innovative induction programme that caters for different cultures, styles of learning and varying commitments to the job. The frontline employees are considered the ultimate reflection of Tesco to its customers, but all employees have a very important role to play in turning core values and customer commitment into reality on a daily basis (Whitelock, N. 2003). A business without strategy is a business without direction. A strategy without a competitive advantage is a business without a precondition of success. The core objective of Tesco is to establish value for customers in order to gain their lifetime loyalty and also to ensure that all of its employees, wherever they work, are aware of the role they play and that they can clearly see how their actions affect the big picture of the overall business. The training creates a graphical journey through the history of Tesco, its core purpose, values, business goals, financial aims, operations and marketing strategy and its commitment to customers. All employees are receiving more training than before (Whitelock, N. 2003).The main advantage of strategic management in Tesco was that it helped it to take lead against its rivals in the competition. strategic action that the Tesco have undertaken is what they labelled as Regeneration. Among the areas where Tesco have regenerated includes Puchung, Kuala Lumpur, and Simpang Pulai. In this strategy, the company places a store in specific areas which they consider as deprived and in dire need of employment. This way, they have instituted a store in a location where there exists little competition and in the same time increases their reputation on the area by providing jobs for people in the community. Moreover, this strategy also moves their commodities closer to the public. Providing the needs and quality service to their customers is the functional dimension of Tescos business strategy. TESCO introduced over 5,000 new food lines this year. Another innovation is bringing in screw-cap wines and their own label range Unwind, which is on-track to be a $5m brand this year. Grab and Go counters have been introduced into over 500 stores, offering customers a huge choice of cheese and hot chicken without having to queue, making it simpler and cheaper to operate. (2002) ADVANTAGES OF STRATEGIC MANAGMENT Discharges board responsibility In Tesco Tescos strategic direction is discussed with all employees and managers. This helps the individual employee to understand their role and importance within the organisation. Forces An Objective Assessment Strategic managment creates value by providing opportunities for organic learning, development of intellectual capital and enhances core competencies. This value is crucial to the organisations future success. This helped Tesco to take the lead over its rivals in the fiercely-competitive UK supermarket sector. The strategic policy (Future) started in the companys supermarkets, where its aim was to free up stores employees so they could do more and improve customer service. This will help them to see their future growth of the company and tackle any competition easily. Provides a Framework For Decision-Making Strategy provides a framework within which all staff can make day-to-day operational decisions and understand that those decisions are all moving the organization in a single direction. Strategy provides a vision of the future, confirms the purpose and values of an organization, sets objectives, clarifies threats and opportunities, determines methods to leverage strengths, and mitigate weaknesses (at a minimum). As such, it sets a framework and clear boundaries within which decisions can be made. In Tesco by giving training to their staff was able to meet their objective that is customer satisfaction which had a significant impact on the success of the organization. Supports Understanding Buy-In Allowing the board and staff participation in the strategic discussion enables them to better understand the direction, why that direction was chosen, and the associated benefits. For some people simply knowing is enough; for many people, to gain their full support requires them to understand. This led the organisation in the path of growth and are now the no1 supermarket in UK. Provides an Organizational Perspective Strategic management takes an organizational perspective and looks at all the components and the interrelationship between those components in order to develop a strategy that is optimal for the whole organization and not a single component. At Tesco all the operational issues are handled very effectively. Helps in  through planning You can think of ways to maintain your strengths and increase your competitive advantage by thoroughly planning .which was done by Tesco and are one step ahead of its rivals DISADVANTAGES OF STRATEGIC MANAGMENT The Future Doesnt Unfold As Anticipated One of the major criticisms of strategic management is that it requires the organization to anticipate the future environment in order to develop plans, and as we all know, predicting the future is not an easy undertaking .E.G. recession in UK had a negative impact on the growth of Tesco. It Can Be Expensive It can be expensive for some organisations to hire people who develop strategies. In Tesco also there was a high cost for training of its employees. Long Term Benefit vs. Immediate Results Strategic management processes are designed to provide an organization with long-term benefits. If you are looking at the strategic management process to address an immediate crisis within your organization it is not possible Impedes Flexibility When you undertake a strategic management process, it will result in the organization saying no to some of the opportunities that may be available. This inability to choose all of the opportunities presented to an organization is sometimes frustrating. Tesco had a opportunity of diversification but sad no because of their strategic policy. Conclusions Tescos long term strategy is to continue to place value on employee training and to integrate this value into the culture of the organisation. They are using this approach to maintain their competitive edge. The value that is placed on HR demonstrates commitment from the top levels of the organisation to training. Tescos intentions are to maintain this increased emphasis on staff training and to integrate this learning fully into the organisation. There is constant reviewing of the intervention, and make adjustment were necessary. Tesco is a very successful UK organisation. They have increased their market share and retail units over the past five years. This has been achieved partly through a fully integrated HR department. Although this is not the only factor to their success, it has certainly been a major factor in it. A combination of good Tesco management, Tesco marketing strategy and a lean business model has seen the supermarket rise above its competitors to dominate the UK ma rket. REFRENCING Books by Armstrong, M (2005) (9th Edition) A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice Kogan Page, London Beardwell, I. et al, (2004) (4th Edition) Human Resource Management a Contemporary Approach Prentice Hall, Harlow. Blackwood T, (1995) Accounting for Business Business education Publishers Limited, Sunderland Buchanan D, and Hucczynski A,(1991) Organisational Behaviour Prentice Hall, Padstow Journals Anonymous (2003) Human resources deliver Tescos bright Future Human Resource Management International Digest, Bradford: Jul/Aug 2003 Vol.7, Iss. 4 Guest, D (1999) Human Resource Management-The Workers Verdict Human Resource Management Journal, London, 1999.Vol.9, Iss. 3; Internet DTI (1998) Building the Knowledge Driven Economy Green Paper, accessed through www.dti.gov.uk/ www.tesco.com 21 Nov 2005 advantages and disadvantages to a strategic management process. Access through www.charityvillage.com/cv/research/rstrat36.html

History of Physics :: Science Scientific Physics Essays

History of Physics Physics began when man first started to study his surroundings. Early applications of physics include the invention of the wheel and of primitive weapons. The people who built Stone Henge had knowledge of physical mechanics in order to move the rocks and place them on top of each other. It was not until during the period of Greek culture that the first systematic treatment of physics started with the use of mechanics. Thales is often said to have been the first scientist, and the first Greek philosopher. He was an astronomer, merchant and mathematician, and after visiting Egypt he is said to have originated the science of deductive geometry. He also discovered theorems of elementary geometry and is said to have correctly predicted an eclipse of the sun. Many of his studies were in astronomy but he also observed static electricity. Phythogoras was a Greek philosopher. He discovered simple numerical ratios relating the musical tones of major consonances, to the length of the strings us ed in sounding them. The Pythagorean theorem was named after him, although this fundamental statements of deductive geometry was most likely first an idea from Egyptian methods of measurements. With the help of his followers he discovered that the earth was a sphere, but he did not believe it revolved around the sun. Democritus was the leader of a group called Atomists. Although they were unable to prove that matter was made up of small particles, they were the first to come up with the idea. Democritus believed that atoms differed in size, shape, and movement but were all made of the same substances. Aristotle was the most important scientific philosopher in Greece. He believed that all matter on earth consisted of four pure substances or elements, which were earth, air, fire, and water. He also believed that the earth was the centre of the universe, and that anything beyond the earth consisted of a fifth pure substance called quintessence. Archimedes was an inventor and mathematician, who discovered several basic scientific principles and developed a number of measuring techniques. Ptolemy was an Egyptian astronomer. He developed a model for predicting the positions of the sun, moon, stars, and planets. Like Aristotle, he believed that the earth was the center of the universe. Between 400 AD. a nd 1000 AD. Most educated people in Western Europe looked to religion rather than scientific investigation to answer their questions about the laws of nature.

Federal Bureau of Prisons Essay

The Federal Bureau of Prisons was established in 1930. Its main goal is to provide humane care for Federal inmates. There are 11 Federal prisons in operation. The Bureau consists of 115 institutions, 6 regional offices, a Central Office (headquarters), 2 staff training centers, and 22 community corrections offices. The Bureau of Prisons career opportunities web page is the place where you can learn about BOP careers, the employment process and current vacancies. The BOP career opportunities web page has quick links to: application steps, attorney recruitment, career FAQs, health care careers, job descriptions and job vacancies. The Bureau has approximately 37,700 employees within 115 correctional institutions. The BOP is currently accepting applications for: Chaplain, Clinical Psychologist, Dental Officer, Medical Officer, Nurse Practitioner, Physician Assistant and Registered Nurse. The jobs are accessible through USAJOBS. The bureau has approximately 37, 700 highly motivated individuals working in 115 correctional institutions across the country and a wide range of occupations. Job opportunities within the correctional facilities: automobile, painting, plumbing, carpentry, and electricity. They are always accepting applications for dental officer, medical officer, and registered nurse. Salaries are based on the position and location of the job you are selected to fill. The Law Enforcement Special Salary Rate and Locality pay scale may vary from the General Schedule and Locality pay scale. Salaries for positions such as Electrician, Mechanic, and Plumber, are found on the Federal Wage System pay scale. A variety of health insurance plans are available to Federal employees, with the Government paying about 60 to 72 percent of the cost and the employee paying 28 to 40 percent, depending on the health plan. Basic life insurance is automatic and effective on the first workday the employee is in pay and duty status, unless the employee chooses to waive life insurance coverage. Every employee is guaranteed a life insurance policy. The Government pays one-third of the cost for Basic life insurance. Basic life insurance is the employee’s salary rounded up. After 20 years of service in a position covered by â€Å"hazardous duty† law enforcement retirement provisions is eligible to retire at age 50. BOP has four different work life programs which makes it easier to balance work and family. These programs consist of teleworking, compressed, flexible, and part time work schedules. Under special, limited circumstances, inmates who meet strict requirements may be allowed temporary releases from the institution through furloughs and staff-escorted trips. A furlough allows inmates to be in the community without a staff escort. There are several purposes for furloughs: for example these enable inmates to be present during a family crisis, facilitate re-establishing family and community ties, and allow an inmate to participate in certain activities to help his/her release transition. The Bureau may authorize staff-escorted trips for purposes such as visiting a critically ill family member; attending a funeral; receiving medical treatment; or participating in educational, religious, or work-related functions. The Bureau’s philosophy is to release preparation begins the first day of incarceration, focus on release preparation intensifies at least 18 months prior to release. The Release Preparation Program includes classes in areas such as resume writing, job search, and job retention. The program also includes presentations by community-based organizations that help ex-inmates find jobs and training opportunities after release. The Bureau places appropriate inmates in halfway houses prior to release to help them adjust to life in the community and find employment. Some inmates will be eligible for a release gratuity, clothing, or money for transportation to their release destination. The Inmate Transition Branch provides additional pre-release employment assistance. Many institutions hold mock job fairs to provide inmates an opportunity to practice job interview skills and to expose community recruiters to the skills available among releasing inmates. Qualified inmates may apply for jobs with companies that have posted job openings. This Branch also helps inmates prepare release folders that include a resume; education certificates, diplomas, and transcripts; and other significant documents needed for a successful job interview. Medical, dental, and mental health services are provided to Federal inmates n Bureau facilities. Most Facilities provide one or more primary Physicians who specialize in family practice. Medical officer provide direct service to inmates in Federal prisons (e. g. performance of diagnostic and preventive). Nurses play an important role on patient health, patient safety and patient education. (e. g. observation and evaluation of patients, perform case histories, conduct physical examinations, and order laboratory tests). De ntal officers are responsible for the full range of dental care provided to inmates. Pharmacist provide pharmaceutical care, they are responsible for medication. (e. g. same as nurse). Over 3,000 health care positions are offered. The food service operation within each institution represents a major program area within the Federal Criminal Justice system. The Bureau offers a food service career for correctional cook supervisors in a fast pace and challenging environment. Cook supervisor receive full training and are responsible for serving nutritious meals and provides guidance/direction to inmate cooks, bakers, butchers as well as in sanitation. Meals are served to a population of several hundred to 2,000 per meal depending on size and type of facility. Completion of a 2 to 4 year culinary degree is desirable but qualifying experience in quantity production from the military or food hospital industry is acceptable. Even though cook supervisors are at the entry level position, ambitious and interested individuals can apply for higher positions to Assistant Food Service Manager to the top Food Service Administrator. Each federal prison has its own education department that provides educational and recreational activities to inmates. Inmates are encouraged to adopt a healthy lifestyle through physical fitness, health education and leisure programs. Inmates who participate in industries or vocational training programs are more likely to find and keep a job upon release and less likely to return to prison. The Bureau offers a variety of programs for inmates to acquire literacy and marketable skills to help them obtain employment after release. All institutions offer literacy classes, English as a Second Language, parenting classes, wellness education, adult continuing education, library services, and instruction in leisure-time ctivities. In most cases, inmates who do not have a high school diploma or a General Educational Development (GED) certificate must participate in the literacy program for a minimum of 240 hours or until they obtain the GED. Occupational and vocational training programs are based on the needs of the inmates, general labor market conditions, and institution labor force needs. An important com ponent is on-the-job training, which inmates receive through institution job assignments and work in Federal Prison Industries. Parenting classes help inmates develop appropriate skills during incarceration. Recreation and wellness activities encourage healthy life styles and habits. Institution libraries carry a variety of fiction and nonfiction books, magazines, newspapers, and reference materials. Inmates also have access to legal materials to conduct legal research and prepare legal documents. The Bureau of Prisons has various job opportunities ranging from Automotive to electric and is always looking for professionals in the medical field. There are over 3,000 health care positions available ranging from Dental to nursing. While a job with the bureau of prisons maybe stressful it does offer benefits, such as retirement, paid holidays, flexibility room for growth and retirement options. Each federal prison has its own education department and inmates are encouraged to adopt a healthy lifestyle. It is often found that inmates who participate in industries or vocational training programs are more likely to find and keep a job upon release and less likely to return to prison.

How to Apply for Community College 9-Step Guide

How to Apply for Community College 9-Step Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Did you know that almost half of all undergrads in the U.S. go to community college? In fact, there are 1,100 community colleges nationwide, and they enroll 13 million students! If you’re looking to make that 13 million and one, read on to learn how to apply forcommunity college: from deciding where to apply to enrolling in classes.Before getting the ball rolling, let’s review what community colleges offer their students and some good reasons to apply. What Can Community Colleges Offer to Students? Most community colleges offer two-year Associate’s degree programs in a wide variety of academic and pre-professional fields. A growing number also offer Bachelor’s degrees, though most of these programs are relatively new and limited in options. People who run community colleges know that not every student wants to stop at their Associate’s degree; in fact, many students attend community college to earn credits and transfer to a four-year college. To ease this transition, lots ofcommunity colleges have â€Å"articulation agreements† with their local state school system. These agreements allow a student to transfer credits smoothly from community college and enter as a junior in a 4-year program. Students can also apply to schools outside of this agreement, but they may need to put a bit more individual effort into making sure their credits will transfer. This plan, often referred to as a â€Å"2 + 2† plan, can have serious financial benefits. Community colleges tend to be more affordable than 4-year institutions, and their flexible class times make it easier for students to work part-time or even full-time jobs. Most community colleges are open access, meaning that all students can enroll(with the exception of a few programs, like nursing and engineering).Many students appreciate the typically small class sizes and attentive professors, who tend to spend most of their time teaching rather than doing research, as with many of their counterparts at research universities. While most community colleges are commuter schools without residential facilities, they oftenoffer clubs, sports teams, and support services that allow students to connect with one another and school staff. These benefits form the basis of the main reasons that students apply to community college. Let’s break down these reasons in a little more detail. It's always good to clarify your reasons before taking a bigleap. Why Do Students Choose Community College? Students apply to community college for a number of reasons. Some high school studentschoose a dual enrollment track, in which they take community college classes to fulfill high school graduation requirements. Some adult students return to school after working for several years to further their education or pursue a new degree or career change. While students at 4-year colleges tend to be around 18 to 22, the average age of students at community college is a little older at 28. For the purposes of this guide, let’s go over the common reasons that students who are about to or who have recently graduated high school choose community college, starting with those looking for professional training. To Get an Associate’s Degree or Professional License Community colleges are an ideal option for students who know they want to go into certain professional fields and are seeking the training or credentials to do so. Some of these occupationsinclude nursing, medical assistants, police officers, engineering technicians, and dental hygienists, among many others. As mentioned above, a fewprograms, like nursing and electrical engineering, may ask forcertain prerequisites from applicants. Usually, these are specific math and science classes in high school and a minimum GPA. Otherwise, the programs are open enrollment. While some students apply with the goal of an Associate’s degree or other certification, others enter community college intending to transfer after a year or more commonly, two years. These next three reasons apply to students looking to transfer and ultimately earn their Bachelor’s degree. Maybe your GPA needs a workout before applying to 4-year colleges. To Strengthen Their GPA For students planning to transfer to a 4-year college, attending community college can be a smart and strategic way to strengthen their GPA. Most 4-year colleges require a GPA of at least 2.0 or 2.5 to apply. For students who had lower grades in high school, taking community college classes can be an opportunity to bring up their grades. They can raise their GPA, earn credits, and transfer to a college to which they may not have been accepted immediately after high school. For students looking to develop their writing and math skills, they can take the time to do so in remedial classes. Any ESL students, furthermore, can hone their language skills in English language classes. Once students have completed a minimum number of credits (usually two years worth), they typically don’t have to send SAT or ACT scores to transfer. This can also help students get into colleges they might not have been able to right after high school. A couple of years in community college can help students strengthen their academic skills and renew their commitment to further education before transferring to a Bachelor’s program. To Figure Out What They Want to Study On a similar note, a year or two in community college can be a good way to figure out what exactly you want to study. Rather than jumping into college feeling unsure about their direction, some students take community classes to explore their options. Since community colleges tend to be a lot less financially burdensome, they make this kind of exploration more feasible. While most community colleges want students to apply to a specific track of study, they do allow you to switch if you want to pursue a different field of study. If you’re planning to transfer, you’d just want to work closely with your advisor to ensure that you’re earning the right credits for a future Bachelor's degree major. Community colleges tend to be a lot less expensive than 4-year schools, as any financialadvisor/ceramic pig worth his weight in pennies will tell you. To Minimize the Financial Burden I’ve mentioned a few times that community colleges tend to be less expensive than 4-year colleges. Exactly how much less expensive are they? According to the National Center for Education, the average community college cost for a year (tuition, materials, other fees) was $9,574 in 2013. While this is a significant sum, it’s less than half of the average for 4-year schoolsof $23,872. In addition to saving money on tuition, community college students are eligible for financial aid, including federal grants, federal loans, state aid, and institutional aid. Plus they may be able to choose evening, weekend, or online classes that allow for a part-time or full-time job. Students considered â€Å"in-state residents† get in-state tuition, which is why most community college students choose schools close to home (along with the convenience of the location). If they transfer to a state school through an articulation agreement, then they further save money with in-state tuition. Ultimately, their diploma comes from the institution from which they graduated, same as any student who attended for four straight years. Now that we’ve gone over the main reasons that students attend community college, let’s go over how you can apply! Do as theAtlantic puffins do. Take things one step at a time. How toApply ForCommunity College, Step by Step As discussed above, most community colleges are open enrollment, so they don’t require as much documentation as do applications to 4-year schools. Every school I know of lets you apply online. Your first step, though, is deciding where to go. Step 1: Decide Where to Apply Since community colleges are open access, you don’t have to send applications to a few different safety,target, and reach schools as you would for other colleges. Instead, unless you're applying to an especially selective track, you canfigure out where you want to go and just apply there. If your main concern is staying close to home, as it is for many students whowill be commuting, then you may simply choose the school in the most convenient location. Most states have several community colleges; Massachusetts has 15 in 24 locations, New York and Texas have over 30, and California has 3! Chances are, you shouldn’t have too much trouble finding local community colleges. Of course, you also want to make sure that the school has the program(s) you want.Researchits website, email theadmissions office, go on a tour, and attend information sessions. These should be available throughout the year, and usually, you can sign up through the school’s website. Simply go to the website and find the â€Å"Visit Us† or â€Å"Information Session† page. That way you can make sure you find the best community colleges withthe programs and resources you need. Once you’ve figured out where to enroll, you can find its online application. Step 2: Fill Out and Submit Your Online Community College Application While many 4-year schools use the Common Application or Universal Application, most community colleges have their own online application portals. A few states offer one system for all of their community colleges, such as California with its â€Å"CCCApply† site. Every college designs its own website, but most will have a tab where you can click â€Å"Apply.† You can see a few examples of the application pages of this northeast community college,Bunker Hill Community College, along with theCommunity College of Philadelphiaand City Colleges of Chicago (note that the Chicago schools have you fill out an initial form and then send you a student ID number to fill out the rest). While they have some differences in design, most community collegeapplications ask for the same details: your name, address, citizenship, residency, high school, and intended major. Most ask for your overall goal, whether you want to earn an Associate’s degree or certificate, acquire personal or professional skills, transfer to a 4-year institution, or enter the workforce. If you’ve already taken some college courses, then you may be able to transfer credits. Additionally, these applications ask if you’re applying for financial aid. Your last step will be providing your electronic signature and hitting submit. As for when to apply for community college, most applicationsare processed within 24 to 48 hours, allowing you to enroll as late as two weeks before the start of classes! I wouldn’t recommend leaving your application this last minute, especially if you're applying for financial aid, but it’s a nice back up in case some other plans fall through. As you can see, you typically don't need to write essays, gather recommendations, or send SAT / ACT scores to community colleges. Generally speaking, the only document you need to provide from your high school is your diploma, GED, or transcript. Step 3: Provide Your High School Diploma, GED, or Transcript Community colleges want to see proof of past or upcoming high school graduation. If you don’t have your diploma from graduation yet or a GED, you should send a copy of your transcript. This will show your expected date of graduation and provide evidence that you’re working toward fulfilling your high school requirements. You can get your transcript from your guidance counseling department. Then you can upload it to your online application, mail, or deliver it to the college in person. If you do have your diploma or GED, you usually don’t need to send your transcript, except for the select programs with their own requirements. You can just send one of those documents. If your school needs your ID, make sureyours has a first name. Step 4: Provide Proof of State Residency, If Applicable If you’re applying for in-state tuition, then you may need to provide proof of in-state residency. Students who have attended high schools in the same state as the community college for more than a year usuallydon’t need to send any further evidence. Your transcript will show that you lived and attended school in-state. If you didn’t attend high school in the state or the college asks for further documentation, you could send a state driver’s license, local bank account, vehicle registration, voter registration, or state or federal income taxes with in-state residential addresses. All of these should be dated at least a year previous. If you’re a dependent, then the document you send should belong to a parent. If you’re an independent, then it should belong to you. If you’re not sure what steps you need to take here, you should contact the community college to get their advice. You wouldn’t want to miss out on financial aid due to confusion with the application. The community college should contact you if there are any issues, but it’s still worthwhile to be proactive and ask them for guidance. Step 5: Submit Your FAFSA Another important financial consideration is applying for federal financial aid with the FAFSA. Your timeline for this may actually fall earlier than your application to community college. The FAFSA application opens up on January 1. As the U.S. Department of Education itself suggests, you should submit your FAFSA as early as possible â€Å"to ensure that you do not miss out on available aid.† Financial aid is another good reason to plan early for college. The FAFSA will ask you to list the colleges to which you’re applying so it can send them your calculated financial need and estimated contribution. If you change your plans, you can sign back in and add a recipient. However, the smoothest plan is to list your community college at the time you apply to FAFSA. In addition to applying for federal financial aid, you might search for and apply to other external scholarships. There are all sorts of scholarships out there with different requirements, so you might find one that seems made just for you! The new student orientation will give you a chance to learn about the school, meet new people, and not have to worry about forgetting anybody's name. Step 6: Attend a New Student Orientation As mentioned above, it’s a good idea to attend a campus tour and an information session before you apply to learn more about your prospective school. Many community colleges also hold orientations for new students. These usually span a day or two and give you information about financial aid, placement testing, student and campus resources and policies, and academic guidance. They may also have you set up a school account and email address. If your school offers its own online portal, then you’ll probably do your class registration and other communication through that. Step 7: Take Placement Tests in Math and English One unique requirement of community colleges is their placement tests. After the college processes your application, you’ll be invited to take placement tests to determine your level for math and English classes. While you don’t have to take the SAT or ACT to enroll, you may find yourself exempt from these placement tests if you havea minimum SAT or ACT score. These vary from school to school, but tend to be around a 450 on SAT Reading or a 47 on ACT English and Readingcombined. For math, schools usually want to see around a 450 on SAT math or a 22 on ACT math. Placement tests don’t affect whether or not you get into community college. Instead, they help to determine what courses you should take in your first semester. It still may be useful to review math and English material before taking them to make sure you don’t end up in a class repeating much of what you already learned in high school. Your advisor's there to help! Step 8: Meet With YourAdvisor By the time you meet with an advisor, you should be all set with enrollment and placement testing. Your advisor can talk to you about the classes you want to take, as well as give you guidance about requirements and classes that could transfer credits to a 4-year school, if that’s in your plans. You can also ask her about opportunities outside of class, like cultural clubs, sports, language groups, and support services. To make the most of this meeting, make sure to research classes and prepare questions. Step 9: Register for Classes Finally, you’ll register for your classes! Full-time students usually take about 4 to 5 classes per semester. The first semester for first yearstends to be highly structured, so you may not have a lot of choice with these first few classes. If your registration is delayed, double check that you’ve paid all your fees and provided all required documentation, like proof of immunization (required for all college students when they start as freshmen - and grad students too, for that matter). Once you’ve registered for classes, you’re all done with the application process! It’s time to settle in and get studying! Now that we’ve gone over the steps for how to apply for community college, is there anything else you can do to get ready? To fully prepare, you must cross a mountain range with nothing but a walking stick and a backpack full of books. How Else Can You Prepare for Community College? While you can technically apply to community college at the last minute, you’d be much better off planning early, like in the winter or spring of senior year. Spend some time researching local community colleges or out of state schoolsand their programs. Attend information sessions, go on a tour, and try to speak to current and former students about their experiences. You should clarify your reasons for attending and overall goals to make sure you’re choosing the best classes and earning the credits you need. Part of this research may also involve learning about the community college’s articulation agreements with state schools and other 4-year schools to which you might ultimately apply. While you may not be sure exactly what 4-year college you’ll eventually transfer to, you can still work closely with your advisor to learn about credit requirements and how and when to apply to Bachelor's programs as a transfer student. As you attend info sessions and meet with your advisor, make sure to prepare some questions about application requirements, class registration, and/or transfer agreements. By gathering all the information you need, you can make the most of your time at community college to learn, earn credits, and work towardyour long-term academic and professional goals. What's Next? Are you also considering 4-year colleges in addition to community colleges or just wondering what the application process is like? To learn more about the process, check out this complete guide to applying to a 4-year college. Are you applying to college, but your GPA is lower than you'd like? Don't be discouraged! Read this guide to learn how to put together a strong college application despite lower than average grades. Colleges can get expensive, so you want to be on the ball about financial aid. This comprehensive guide goes over everything you need to know about applying for financial aid, step by step. 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