Fidler, J.R., Zechmeister, E.B., & Shuaghnessy, J.J. (1988). Memory Fo

Fidler, J.R., Zechmeister, E.B., (1988). Memory for frequency of hearing popular songs. American Journal of Psychology, 101, 31?49. "Remember that song we heard the other day? What was it called? I wish I could remember." If this has ever happened to you please listen carefully to what I have to say. The following journal article looks into the question; does frequency correlate with familiarity for the remembrance of songs. The hypothesis was, specifically; people with a high knowledge of certain stimulus area should be able to identify frequency patterns more often than those who had little knowledge of the area. The findings could be used to determine whether or not people high knowledge of that certain stimulus area should be able to recognize the music patterns and process it as meaningful data more than people with low knowledge of that certain area. The music chosen for the experiment was "well?known" songs, based on music magazine album charts, and unfamiliar songs, chosen for their similar rhythm, instrumentation, and style. The music was recorded onto two tapes made up of 10 second excerpts and separated into "well?known" and unfamiliar. After trying to identify the artist and title on the tapes, the tapes were replaced by one tape with 52, 10 second excerpts. There were 16 different excerpts repeated one, two, three or four times in a mixed order. For a total of 40 excerpts. The restconsisted of filler songs that were not heard before, but considered familiar. Analyses were carried out using the average frequency estimates for excerpts heard once through four times, the zero?presented items were analyzed separately. The findings were oddly opposite of what one might expect. THe frequency estimates for unfamiliar songs were higher than those of familiar songs. Although, the average estimated frequency increased as true frequency increased. The correlation between estimated and actual frequency was greater overall for subjects in the familiar song group, average being .68. The group who listened to unfamiliar songs performed lower, but not enough to rely on, average here being .58. The experiment did succeed in demonstrating that persons judging unfamiliar songs were less able to identify correctly exact frequency of presentation than were persons judging familiar songs. They did find that those who subjected to the unfamiliar songs did falsely overestimate the frequency a song was heard. Another factor in the accuracy of the subjects was there prior knowledge of music. The researchers surmised that ability to remember event frequency is likely to be related to degree of knowledge of the to?be?remembered material when information other than that already obtained is available to aid repeated discrimination. The premiss of the experiment, that frequency and reucuring judgement tests, could be applied to other fields. I base this statement on a theory I have about music and learning ability. I believe that if we would put information into a musical form witha chorus and other lyrics, for example auditory theory, and have it explain what it does and doesn't state to be true. My theory is based on the fact that students, myself included, are able to memorize music lyrics and even the instrument solos after about seven playings and be able to recall the song completely at any time and need only hear it once or twice again to remember it again after a hiatus.

Free Essays on Conneticut

Connecticut Connecticut’s original pre-Columbian inhabitants included the western Niantic, Nipmuc, and wappinger Indians. The Connecticut River gave the area its name, a Mohican word meaning â€Å"the long river†. European settlement began in 1633 when Dutch fur merchants from hew Netherlands placed a trading post at modern Hartford. English Puritans founded towns at Windsor and wethersfeild in of that year. In 1637, rev. Thomas Hooker brought his Puritan congregation form Cambridge, Massachusetts, to settle at Hartford, which the Dutch had abandoned. Therefore founding the colony of Connecticut. Tensions with the Pequot escalated following the death of nine English mariners in 1634. these tensions resulted in Massachusetts sending a punitive expedition to punish that tribe in August 1636 two Indian villages were burned. Connecticut militia joined with the Piquot’s Indian enemies in a war that killed probably 40% of the 2,000 Pequot in 1637, compared to only 50 out of the 800 militia. Hartford, Windsor, and wethersfeild agreed on January 24, 1639, to govern themselves by the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. This frame of government established a legislature and court system . By 1662 fifteen other towns founded in the Connecticut valley had adopted the Fundamental Orders, which were never confirmed by a royal charter. Congregationalism receive legal protection as the colony’s established church. meanwhile Connecticut organized itself to the colony of New Haven in 1643. After the Stuart dynasty resumed the English throne in 1660, Charles II gave Connecticut the right of self-government by a charter dated May 3 1662. the charter also gave the new government jurisdiction over New Haven’s towns. Which were then done away with. Connecticut briefly lost its rights to self-government when it was placed under the authority of the autocratic domain of New England in 1687, but it resumed ... Free Essays on Conneticut Free Essays on Conneticut Connecticut Connecticut’s original pre-Columbian inhabitants included the western Niantic, Nipmuc, and wappinger Indians. The Connecticut River gave the area its name, a Mohican word meaning â€Å"the long river†. European settlement began in 1633 when Dutch fur merchants from hew Netherlands placed a trading post at modern Hartford. English Puritans founded towns at Windsor and wethersfeild in of that year. In 1637, rev. Thomas Hooker brought his Puritan congregation form Cambridge, Massachusetts, to settle at Hartford, which the Dutch had abandoned. Therefore founding the colony of Connecticut. Tensions with the Pequot escalated following the death of nine English mariners in 1634. these tensions resulted in Massachusetts sending a punitive expedition to punish that tribe in August 1636 two Indian villages were burned. Connecticut militia joined with the Piquot’s Indian enemies in a war that killed probably 40% of the 2,000 Pequot in 1637, compared to only 50 out of the 800 militia. Hartford, Windsor, and wethersfeild agreed on January 24, 1639, to govern themselves by the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. This frame of government established a legislature and court system . By 1662 fifteen other towns founded in the Connecticut valley had adopted the Fundamental Orders, which were never confirmed by a royal charter. Congregationalism receive legal protection as the colony’s established church. meanwhile Connecticut organized itself to the colony of New Haven in 1643. After the Stuart dynasty resumed the English throne in 1660, Charles II gave Connecticut the right of self-government by a charter dated May 3 1662. the charter also gave the new government jurisdiction over New Haven’s towns. Which were then done away with. Connecticut briefly lost its rights to self-government when it was placed under the authority of the autocratic domain of New England in 1687, but it resumed ...

Financial risks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial risks - Essay Example Transaction exposure is linked with the future gain or loss which the company will be making related to future obligation settlements. To handle transitional risk, company goes for different hedging techniques, but hedging if more profitable in the short terms as compared to long term (Shim, Shim & Siegel, 2008, pp 365). Economic exposure is the most sensitive exposure because its effect is far broader as compared to the others. The extent to which economic exposure will affect a company depends on nature of the company or the industry in which company is. These economic factors can be macro economic factors which have their impact world wide or can be micro economic factors like socio-economic factors or political factors specifically to a particular country (Shim, Shim & Siegel, 2008, pp 365). The main motto of any organization is to reduce cost of production and to increase profit for the stakeholders. As through marketing, the management tries to increase revenue, so such strategies are being made through which BMW can increase their sale in those countries where currency is appreciating or is over valued and they will restructure their marketing plan for the countries where currency is depreciating or are undervalued. Same strategy is adopted while launching new product into market; BMW introduces its new products when currencies are appreciating so that they can collect revenue as high as possible. Thus the process is more or less like a long term call option. BMW remain highly cautious for finalizing their marketing expenditure. Company always keeps in mind that marginal expenditure made on any unit should be less than the marginal profit per unit. Strategy for production is just the reverse of marketing strategy as the company always tries to lower down production cost as far as possible. BMW expands its production capacity

Use of computers in construction cost controlling process Essay

Use of computers in construction cost controlling process - Essay Example Cost planning is the means that enables the objectives of project cost management to be achieved. It is the process used during the design stage of a particular scheme to help minimize the cost of construction and subsequent usage, and maximize the functionality that is anticipated by the client. Cost planning is, in fact, a system of procedures and techniques used by quantity surveyors. Its purpose is to ensure that clients are provided with value for money on their projects; that clients and designers are aware of the cost consequences of their proposals; that if they so choose, clients may establish budgets for their projects; and the designers are given advice that enables them to arrive at practical and balanced designs within budget. Therefore cost planning monitors and helps direct design and organizational decisions in order to achieve the clients cost objectives. Cost planning is a process that brings cost information to bear systematically upon the evolution, construction, and maintenance of a project to highlight the relationship between capital and operational investment, quality, function, and appearance, and to provide a framework for the management of costs in order to deliver value for money to the client.( Flangan, 1997) The cost plan is one of the principal documents prepared during the initial stages of the cost management process. It is a statement of the proposed expenditure for each section or element of a building related to a definite standard of quality. ... estimate, tender figure and final account sum are all closely related. Cost Planning : Cost planning is the means that enables the objectives of project cost management to be achieved. It is the process used during the design stage of a particular scheme to help minimize the cost of construction and subsequent usage, and maximize the functionality that is anticipated by the client. Cost planning is in fact a system of procedures and techniques used by quantity surveyors. Its purpose is to ensure that clients are provided with value for money on their projects; that clients and designers are aware of the cost consequences of their proposals; that if they so choose, clients may establish budgets for their projects; and the designers are given advise that enables them to arrive at practical and balanced designs within budget. Therefore cost planning monitors and helps direct design and organizational decisions in order to achieve the clients cost objectives. Cost planning is a process that brings cost information to bear systematically upon the evolution, construction and maintenance of a project to highlight the relationship between capital and operational investment, quality, function and appearance, and to provide a framework for the management of costs in order to deliver value for money to the client.( Flangan, 1997) The cost plan is one of the principal documents prepared during the initial stages of the cost management process. It is a statement of the proposed expenditure for each section or element of a building related to a definite standard of quality. Costs, quantities and specification details are itemized by

Describe your ideal company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Describe your ideal company - Essay Example Additionally, these steps can assist a potential employee in carrying out self-evaluation to determine their personal needs in the job market. The first stage is known as the self-assessment stage. At this stage, an employee determines his/her preferred skills, the most suitable working conditions expected. Moreover, the employee analyzes the interests and values expected from the job. The second stage involves the employee exploring their options. This step involves exploring occupations and conducting research market. The next phase in career planning involves decision-making. This is the stage whereby an individual evaluates the available information relating to their personal profile and matches them with a suitable market opportunity. At this stage, setting of career goals is also accomplished, and the relevant steps required for achieving the goals are set. The last stage involves taking action by identifying the possible occupations at the disposal of the person seeking employment (Mather, 2011: 18). My ideal workplace would be at Sotheby’s. The company specializes in auctioneering and specialty retail. Additionally, it is a public company trading in the New York Securities Exchange market. The company was founded in the United Kingdom but is currently headquartered in New York City in the United States. However, it has more than 90 divisions in more than 40 countries worldwide. The company’s operations are divided into three lines of businesses namely auction, finance and dealer. The company additionally deals in brokerage of fines, decorative art and jewelry and other collectibles. Due to its diversified business portfolio, Sotheby’s is the largest art business. In reference to the financial report for 2012, the company made sales worth more than $5.8 Billion. In line with Hofstede’s perspective on culture, the company deals with employees of different cultures. However, in an effort to avoid stereotyping

Strategic Human Resources Practices At Tesco

Strategic Human Resources Practices At Tesco This report reviews and discusses the strategic Human Resource and practices at Tesco. Strategic HRM has gained both credibility and popularity over the past decade, specifically with respect to its impact on organisational performance (Paauwe, J Boselie P. 2003). By the introduction of strategic management Tesco has introduced a high commitment model which offers training and development to all employees with this the role of HR within the organisation has increased in importance. Strategic management helped Tesco to expand its business. Tesco operates in a very competitive market; the consumer has a choice where to shop for their groceries. With this Tesco expanded their portfolio to include CDs, DVDs, electrical goods and clothing. Recently they have expanded into the financial services offering customers products from Credit cards to insurance. All their products are available on the internet 24 hours a day Their slogan, every little helps is used to show their commitment to customers, this has been used to reduce prices and to increase the level of customer service. This slogan is now used in their staff training; the human-resource strategy at Tescos revolves around work simplification, challenging unwritten rules, rolling out core skill s to all head-office employees and performance management linked to achieving steering-wheel targets. This highlights the way in which Tescos business measures are closely linked to performance management (Anonymous 2003). Tesco ensures that each and every employee has the opportunity to understand his or her individual role in contributing to the Tesco core purpose and values. This requires an innovative induction programme that caters for different cultures, styles of learning and varying commitments to the job. The frontline employees are considered the ultimate reflection of Tesco to its customers, but all employees have a very important role to play in turning core values and customer commitment into reality on a daily basis (Whitelock, N. 2003). A business without strategy is a business without direction. A strategy without a competitive advantage is a business without a precondition of success. The core objective of Tesco is to establish value for customers in order to gain their lifetime loyalty and also to ensure that all of its employees, wherever they work, are aware of the role they play and that they can clearly see how their actions affect the big picture of the overall business. The training creates a graphical journey through the history of Tesco, its core purpose, values, business goals, financial aims, operations and marketing strategy and its commitment to customers. All employees are receiving more training than before (Whitelock, N. 2003).The main advantage of strategic management in Tesco was that it helped it to take lead against its rivals in the competition. strategic action that the Tesco have undertaken is what they labelled as Regeneration. Among the areas where Tesco have regenerated includes Puchung, Kuala Lumpur, and Simpang Pulai. In this strategy, the company places a store in specific areas which they consider as deprived and in dire need of employment. This way, they have instituted a store in a location where there exists little competition and in the same time increases their reputation on the area by providing jobs for people in the community. Moreover, this strategy also moves their commodities closer to the public. Providing the needs and quality service to their customers is the functional dimension of Tescos business strategy. TESCO introduced over 5,000 new food lines this year. Another innovation is bringing in screw-cap wines and their own label range Unwind, which is on-track to be a $5m brand this year. Grab and Go counters have been introduced into over 500 stores, offering customers a huge choice of cheese and hot chicken without having to queue, making it simpler and cheaper to operate. (2002) ADVANTAGES OF STRATEGIC MANAGMENT Discharges board responsibility In Tesco Tescos strategic direction is discussed with all employees and managers. This helps the individual employee to understand their role and importance within the organisation. Forces An Objective Assessment Strategic managment creates value by providing opportunities for organic learning, development of intellectual capital and enhances core competencies. This value is crucial to the organisations future success. This helped Tesco to take the lead over its rivals in the fiercely-competitive UK supermarket sector. The strategic policy (Future) started in the companys supermarkets, where its aim was to free up stores employees so they could do more and improve customer service. This will help them to see their future growth of the company and tackle any competition easily. Provides a Framework For Decision-Making Strategy provides a framework within which all staff can make day-to-day operational decisions and understand that those decisions are all moving the organization in a single direction. Strategy provides a vision of the future, confirms the purpose and values of an organization, sets objectives, clarifies threats and opportunities, determines methods to leverage strengths, and mitigate weaknesses (at a minimum). As such, it sets a framework and clear boundaries within which decisions can be made. In Tesco by giving training to their staff was able to meet their objective that is customer satisfaction which had a significant impact on the success of the organization. Supports Understanding Buy-In Allowing the board and staff participation in the strategic discussion enables them to better understand the direction, why that direction was chosen, and the associated benefits. For some people simply knowing is enough; for many people, to gain their full support requires them to understand. This led the organisation in the path of growth and are now the no1 supermarket in UK. Provides an Organizational Perspective Strategic management takes an organizational perspective and looks at all the components and the interrelationship between those components in order to develop a strategy that is optimal for the whole organization and not a single component. At Tesco all the operational issues are handled very effectively. Helps in  through planning You can think of ways to maintain your strengths and increase your competitive advantage by thoroughly planning .which was done by Tesco and are one step ahead of its rivals DISADVANTAGES OF STRATEGIC MANAGMENT The Future Doesnt Unfold As Anticipated One of the major criticisms of strategic management is that it requires the organization to anticipate the future environment in order to develop plans, and as we all know, predicting the future is not an easy undertaking .E.G. recession in UK had a negative impact on the growth of Tesco. It Can Be Expensive It can be expensive for some organisations to hire people who develop strategies. In Tesco also there was a high cost for training of its employees. Long Term Benefit vs. Immediate Results Strategic management processes are designed to provide an organization with long-term benefits. If you are looking at the strategic management process to address an immediate crisis within your organization it is not possible Impedes Flexibility When you undertake a strategic management process, it will result in the organization saying no to some of the opportunities that may be available. This inability to choose all of the opportunities presented to an organization is sometimes frustrating. Tesco had a opportunity of diversification but sad no because of their strategic policy. Conclusions Tescos long term strategy is to continue to place value on employee training and to integrate this value into the culture of the organisation. They are using this approach to maintain their competitive edge. The value that is placed on HR demonstrates commitment from the top levels of the organisation to training. Tescos intentions are to maintain this increased emphasis on staff training and to integrate this learning fully into the organisation. There is constant reviewing of the intervention, and make adjustment were necessary. Tesco is a very successful UK organisation. They have increased their market share and retail units over the past five years. This has been achieved partly through a fully integrated HR department. Although this is not the only factor to their success, it has certainly been a major factor in it. A combination of good Tesco management, Tesco marketing strategy and a lean business model has seen the supermarket rise above its competitors to dominate the UK ma rket. REFRENCING Books by Armstrong, M (2005) (9th Edition) A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice Kogan Page, London Beardwell, I. et al, (2004) (4th Edition) Human Resource Management a Contemporary Approach Prentice Hall, Harlow. Blackwood T, (1995) Accounting for Business Business education Publishers Limited, Sunderland Buchanan D, and Hucczynski A,(1991) Organisational Behaviour Prentice Hall, Padstow Journals Anonymous (2003) Human resources deliver Tescos bright Future Human Resource Management International Digest, Bradford: Jul/Aug 2003 Vol.7, Iss. 4 Guest, D (1999) Human Resource Management-The Workers Verdict Human Resource Management Journal, London, 1999.Vol.9, Iss. 3; Internet DTI (1998) Building the Knowledge Driven Economy Green Paper, accessed through www.dti.gov.uk/ www.tesco.com 21 Nov 2005 advantages and disadvantages to a strategic management process. Access through www.charityvillage.com/cv/research/rstrat36.html

History of Physics :: Science Scientific Physics Essays

History of Physics Physics began when man first started to study his surroundings. Early applications of physics include the invention of the wheel and of primitive weapons. The people who built Stone Henge had knowledge of physical mechanics in order to move the rocks and place them on top of each other. It was not until during the period of Greek culture that the first systematic treatment of physics started with the use of mechanics. Thales is often said to have been the first scientist, and the first Greek philosopher. He was an astronomer, merchant and mathematician, and after visiting Egypt he is said to have originated the science of deductive geometry. He also discovered theorems of elementary geometry and is said to have correctly predicted an eclipse of the sun. Many of his studies were in astronomy but he also observed static electricity. Phythogoras was a Greek philosopher. He discovered simple numerical ratios relating the musical tones of major consonances, to the length of the strings us ed in sounding them. The Pythagorean theorem was named after him, although this fundamental statements of deductive geometry was most likely first an idea from Egyptian methods of measurements. With the help of his followers he discovered that the earth was a sphere, but he did not believe it revolved around the sun. Democritus was the leader of a group called Atomists. Although they were unable to prove that matter was made up of small particles, they were the first to come up with the idea. Democritus believed that atoms differed in size, shape, and movement but were all made of the same substances. Aristotle was the most important scientific philosopher in Greece. He believed that all matter on earth consisted of four pure substances or elements, which were earth, air, fire, and water. He also believed that the earth was the centre of the universe, and that anything beyond the earth consisted of a fifth pure substance called quintessence. Archimedes was an inventor and mathematician, who discovered several basic scientific principles and developed a number of measuring techniques. Ptolemy was an Egyptian astronomer. He developed a model for predicting the positions of the sun, moon, stars, and planets. Like Aristotle, he believed that the earth was the center of the universe. Between 400 AD. a nd 1000 AD. Most educated people in Western Europe looked to religion rather than scientific investigation to answer their questions about the laws of nature.

Federal Bureau of Prisons Essay

The Federal Bureau of Prisons was established in 1930. Its main goal is to provide humane care for Federal inmates. There are 11 Federal prisons in operation. The Bureau consists of 115 institutions, 6 regional offices, a Central Office (headquarters), 2 staff training centers, and 22 community corrections offices. The Bureau of Prisons career opportunities web page is the place where you can learn about BOP careers, the employment process and current vacancies. The BOP career opportunities web page has quick links to: application steps, attorney recruitment, career FAQs, health care careers, job descriptions and job vacancies. The Bureau has approximately 37,700 employees within 115 correctional institutions. The BOP is currently accepting applications for: Chaplain, Clinical Psychologist, Dental Officer, Medical Officer, Nurse Practitioner, Physician Assistant and Registered Nurse. The jobs are accessible through USAJOBS. The bureau has approximately 37, 700 highly motivated individuals working in 115 correctional institutions across the country and a wide range of occupations. Job opportunities within the correctional facilities: automobile, painting, plumbing, carpentry, and electricity. They are always accepting applications for dental officer, medical officer, and registered nurse. Salaries are based on the position and location of the job you are selected to fill. The Law Enforcement Special Salary Rate and Locality pay scale may vary from the General Schedule and Locality pay scale. Salaries for positions such as Electrician, Mechanic, and Plumber, are found on the Federal Wage System pay scale. A variety of health insurance plans are available to Federal employees, with the Government paying about 60 to 72 percent of the cost and the employee paying 28 to 40 percent, depending on the health plan. Basic life insurance is automatic and effective on the first workday the employee is in pay and duty status, unless the employee chooses to waive life insurance coverage. Every employee is guaranteed a life insurance policy. The Government pays one-third of the cost for Basic life insurance. Basic life insurance is the employee’s salary rounded up. After 20 years of service in a position covered by â€Å"hazardous duty† law enforcement retirement provisions is eligible to retire at age 50. BOP has four different work life programs which makes it easier to balance work and family. These programs consist of teleworking, compressed, flexible, and part time work schedules. Under special, limited circumstances, inmates who meet strict requirements may be allowed temporary releases from the institution through furloughs and staff-escorted trips. A furlough allows inmates to be in the community without a staff escort. There are several purposes for furloughs: for example these enable inmates to be present during a family crisis, facilitate re-establishing family and community ties, and allow an inmate to participate in certain activities to help his/her release transition. The Bureau may authorize staff-escorted trips for purposes such as visiting a critically ill family member; attending a funeral; receiving medical treatment; or participating in educational, religious, or work-related functions. The Bureau’s philosophy is to release preparation begins the first day of incarceration, focus on release preparation intensifies at least 18 months prior to release. The Release Preparation Program includes classes in areas such as resume writing, job search, and job retention. The program also includes presentations by community-based organizations that help ex-inmates find jobs and training opportunities after release. The Bureau places appropriate inmates in halfway houses prior to release to help them adjust to life in the community and find employment. Some inmates will be eligible for a release gratuity, clothing, or money for transportation to their release destination. The Inmate Transition Branch provides additional pre-release employment assistance. Many institutions hold mock job fairs to provide inmates an opportunity to practice job interview skills and to expose community recruiters to the skills available among releasing inmates. Qualified inmates may apply for jobs with companies that have posted job openings. This Branch also helps inmates prepare release folders that include a resume; education certificates, diplomas, and transcripts; and other significant documents needed for a successful job interview. Medical, dental, and mental health services are provided to Federal inmates n Bureau facilities. Most Facilities provide one or more primary Physicians who specialize in family practice. Medical officer provide direct service to inmates in Federal prisons (e. g. performance of diagnostic and preventive). Nurses play an important role on patient health, patient safety and patient education. (e. g. observation and evaluation of patients, perform case histories, conduct physical examinations, and order laboratory tests). De ntal officers are responsible for the full range of dental care provided to inmates. Pharmacist provide pharmaceutical care, they are responsible for medication. (e. g. same as nurse). Over 3,000 health care positions are offered. The food service operation within each institution represents a major program area within the Federal Criminal Justice system. The Bureau offers a food service career for correctional cook supervisors in a fast pace and challenging environment. Cook supervisor receive full training and are responsible for serving nutritious meals and provides guidance/direction to inmate cooks, bakers, butchers as well as in sanitation. Meals are served to a population of several hundred to 2,000 per meal depending on size and type of facility. Completion of a 2 to 4 year culinary degree is desirable but qualifying experience in quantity production from the military or food hospital industry is acceptable. Even though cook supervisors are at the entry level position, ambitious and interested individuals can apply for higher positions to Assistant Food Service Manager to the top Food Service Administrator. Each federal prison has its own education department that provides educational and recreational activities to inmates. Inmates are encouraged to adopt a healthy lifestyle through physical fitness, health education and leisure programs. Inmates who participate in industries or vocational training programs are more likely to find and keep a job upon release and less likely to return to prison. The Bureau offers a variety of programs for inmates to acquire literacy and marketable skills to help them obtain employment after release. All institutions offer literacy classes, English as a Second Language, parenting classes, wellness education, adult continuing education, library services, and instruction in leisure-time ctivities. In most cases, inmates who do not have a high school diploma or a General Educational Development (GED) certificate must participate in the literacy program for a minimum of 240 hours or until they obtain the GED. Occupational and vocational training programs are based on the needs of the inmates, general labor market conditions, and institution labor force needs. An important com ponent is on-the-job training, which inmates receive through institution job assignments and work in Federal Prison Industries. Parenting classes help inmates develop appropriate skills during incarceration. Recreation and wellness activities encourage healthy life styles and habits. Institution libraries carry a variety of fiction and nonfiction books, magazines, newspapers, and reference materials. Inmates also have access to legal materials to conduct legal research and prepare legal documents. The Bureau of Prisons has various job opportunities ranging from Automotive to electric and is always looking for professionals in the medical field. There are over 3,000 health care positions available ranging from Dental to nursing. While a job with the bureau of prisons maybe stressful it does offer benefits, such as retirement, paid holidays, flexibility room for growth and retirement options. Each federal prison has its own education department and inmates are encouraged to adopt a healthy lifestyle. It is often found that inmates who participate in industries or vocational training programs are more likely to find and keep a job upon release and less likely to return to prison.

How to Apply for Community College 9-Step Guide

How to Apply for Community College 9-Step Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Did you know that almost half of all undergrads in the U.S. go to community college? In fact, there are 1,100 community colleges nationwide, and they enroll 13 million students! If you’re looking to make that 13 million and one, read on to learn how to apply forcommunity college: from deciding where to apply to enrolling in classes.Before getting the ball rolling, let’s review what community colleges offer their students and some good reasons to apply. What Can Community Colleges Offer to Students? Most community colleges offer two-year Associate’s degree programs in a wide variety of academic and pre-professional fields. A growing number also offer Bachelor’s degrees, though most of these programs are relatively new and limited in options. People who run community colleges know that not every student wants to stop at their Associate’s degree; in fact, many students attend community college to earn credits and transfer to a four-year college. To ease this transition, lots ofcommunity colleges have â€Å"articulation agreements† with their local state school system. These agreements allow a student to transfer credits smoothly from community college and enter as a junior in a 4-year program. Students can also apply to schools outside of this agreement, but they may need to put a bit more individual effort into making sure their credits will transfer. This plan, often referred to as a â€Å"2 + 2† plan, can have serious financial benefits. Community colleges tend to be more affordable than 4-year institutions, and their flexible class times make it easier for students to work part-time or even full-time jobs. Most community colleges are open access, meaning that all students can enroll(with the exception of a few programs, like nursing and engineering).Many students appreciate the typically small class sizes and attentive professors, who tend to spend most of their time teaching rather than doing research, as with many of their counterparts at research universities. While most community colleges are commuter schools without residential facilities, they oftenoffer clubs, sports teams, and support services that allow students to connect with one another and school staff. These benefits form the basis of the main reasons that students apply to community college. Let’s break down these reasons in a little more detail. It's always good to clarify your reasons before taking a bigleap. Why Do Students Choose Community College? Students apply to community college for a number of reasons. Some high school studentschoose a dual enrollment track, in which they take community college classes to fulfill high school graduation requirements. Some adult students return to school after working for several years to further their education or pursue a new degree or career change. While students at 4-year colleges tend to be around 18 to 22, the average age of students at community college is a little older at 28. For the purposes of this guide, let’s go over the common reasons that students who are about to or who have recently graduated high school choose community college, starting with those looking for professional training. To Get an Associate’s Degree or Professional License Community colleges are an ideal option for students who know they want to go into certain professional fields and are seeking the training or credentials to do so. Some of these occupationsinclude nursing, medical assistants, police officers, engineering technicians, and dental hygienists, among many others. As mentioned above, a fewprograms, like nursing and electrical engineering, may ask forcertain prerequisites from applicants. Usually, these are specific math and science classes in high school and a minimum GPA. Otherwise, the programs are open enrollment. While some students apply with the goal of an Associate’s degree or other certification, others enter community college intending to transfer after a year or more commonly, two years. These next three reasons apply to students looking to transfer and ultimately earn their Bachelor’s degree. Maybe your GPA needs a workout before applying to 4-year colleges. To Strengthen Their GPA For students planning to transfer to a 4-year college, attending community college can be a smart and strategic way to strengthen their GPA. Most 4-year colleges require a GPA of at least 2.0 or 2.5 to apply. For students who had lower grades in high school, taking community college classes can be an opportunity to bring up their grades. They can raise their GPA, earn credits, and transfer to a college to which they may not have been accepted immediately after high school. For students looking to develop their writing and math skills, they can take the time to do so in remedial classes. Any ESL students, furthermore, can hone their language skills in English language classes. Once students have completed a minimum number of credits (usually two years worth), they typically don’t have to send SAT or ACT scores to transfer. This can also help students get into colleges they might not have been able to right after high school. A couple of years in community college can help students strengthen their academic skills and renew their commitment to further education before transferring to a Bachelor’s program. To Figure Out What They Want to Study On a similar note, a year or two in community college can be a good way to figure out what exactly you want to study. Rather than jumping into college feeling unsure about their direction, some students take community classes to explore their options. Since community colleges tend to be a lot less financially burdensome, they make this kind of exploration more feasible. While most community colleges want students to apply to a specific track of study, they do allow you to switch if you want to pursue a different field of study. If you’re planning to transfer, you’d just want to work closely with your advisor to ensure that you’re earning the right credits for a future Bachelor's degree major. Community colleges tend to be a lot less expensive than 4-year schools, as any financialadvisor/ceramic pig worth his weight in pennies will tell you. To Minimize the Financial Burden I’ve mentioned a few times that community colleges tend to be less expensive than 4-year colleges. Exactly how much less expensive are they? According to the National Center for Education, the average community college cost for a year (tuition, materials, other fees) was $9,574 in 2013. While this is a significant sum, it’s less than half of the average for 4-year schoolsof $23,872. In addition to saving money on tuition, community college students are eligible for financial aid, including federal grants, federal loans, state aid, and institutional aid. Plus they may be able to choose evening, weekend, or online classes that allow for a part-time or full-time job. Students considered â€Å"in-state residents† get in-state tuition, which is why most community college students choose schools close to home (along with the convenience of the location). If they transfer to a state school through an articulation agreement, then they further save money with in-state tuition. Ultimately, their diploma comes from the institution from which they graduated, same as any student who attended for four straight years. Now that we’ve gone over the main reasons that students attend community college, let’s go over how you can apply! Do as theAtlantic puffins do. Take things one step at a time. How toApply ForCommunity College, Step by Step As discussed above, most community colleges are open enrollment, so they don’t require as much documentation as do applications to 4-year schools. Every school I know of lets you apply online. Your first step, though, is deciding where to go. Step 1: Decide Where to Apply Since community colleges are open access, you don’t have to send applications to a few different safety,target, and reach schools as you would for other colleges. Instead, unless you're applying to an especially selective track, you canfigure out where you want to go and just apply there. If your main concern is staying close to home, as it is for many students whowill be commuting, then you may simply choose the school in the most convenient location. Most states have several community colleges; Massachusetts has 15 in 24 locations, New York and Texas have over 30, and California has 3! Chances are, you shouldn’t have too much trouble finding local community colleges. Of course, you also want to make sure that the school has the program(s) you want.Researchits website, email theadmissions office, go on a tour, and attend information sessions. These should be available throughout the year, and usually, you can sign up through the school’s website. Simply go to the website and find the â€Å"Visit Us† or â€Å"Information Session† page. That way you can make sure you find the best community colleges withthe programs and resources you need. Once you’ve figured out where to enroll, you can find its online application. Step 2: Fill Out and Submit Your Online Community College Application While many 4-year schools use the Common Application or Universal Application, most community colleges have their own online application portals. A few states offer one system for all of their community colleges, such as California with its â€Å"CCCApply† site. Every college designs its own website, but most will have a tab where you can click â€Å"Apply.† You can see a few examples of the application pages of this northeast community college,Bunker Hill Community College, along with theCommunity College of Philadelphiaand City Colleges of Chicago (note that the Chicago schools have you fill out an initial form and then send you a student ID number to fill out the rest). While they have some differences in design, most community collegeapplications ask for the same details: your name, address, citizenship, residency, high school, and intended major. Most ask for your overall goal, whether you want to earn an Associate’s degree or certificate, acquire personal or professional skills, transfer to a 4-year institution, or enter the workforce. If you’ve already taken some college courses, then you may be able to transfer credits. Additionally, these applications ask if you’re applying for financial aid. Your last step will be providing your electronic signature and hitting submit. As for when to apply for community college, most applicationsare processed within 24 to 48 hours, allowing you to enroll as late as two weeks before the start of classes! I wouldn’t recommend leaving your application this last minute, especially if you're applying for financial aid, but it’s a nice back up in case some other plans fall through. As you can see, you typically don't need to write essays, gather recommendations, or send SAT / ACT scores to community colleges. Generally speaking, the only document you need to provide from your high school is your diploma, GED, or transcript. Step 3: Provide Your High School Diploma, GED, or Transcript Community colleges want to see proof of past or upcoming high school graduation. If you don’t have your diploma from graduation yet or a GED, you should send a copy of your transcript. This will show your expected date of graduation and provide evidence that you’re working toward fulfilling your high school requirements. You can get your transcript from your guidance counseling department. Then you can upload it to your online application, mail, or deliver it to the college in person. If you do have your diploma or GED, you usually don’t need to send your transcript, except for the select programs with their own requirements. You can just send one of those documents. If your school needs your ID, make sureyours has a first name. Step 4: Provide Proof of State Residency, If Applicable If you’re applying for in-state tuition, then you may need to provide proof of in-state residency. Students who have attended high schools in the same state as the community college for more than a year usuallydon’t need to send any further evidence. Your transcript will show that you lived and attended school in-state. If you didn’t attend high school in the state or the college asks for further documentation, you could send a state driver’s license, local bank account, vehicle registration, voter registration, or state or federal income taxes with in-state residential addresses. All of these should be dated at least a year previous. If you’re a dependent, then the document you send should belong to a parent. If you’re an independent, then it should belong to you. If you’re not sure what steps you need to take here, you should contact the community college to get their advice. You wouldn’t want to miss out on financial aid due to confusion with the application. The community college should contact you if there are any issues, but it’s still worthwhile to be proactive and ask them for guidance. Step 5: Submit Your FAFSA Another important financial consideration is applying for federal financial aid with the FAFSA. Your timeline for this may actually fall earlier than your application to community college. The FAFSA application opens up on January 1. As the U.S. Department of Education itself suggests, you should submit your FAFSA as early as possible â€Å"to ensure that you do not miss out on available aid.† Financial aid is another good reason to plan early for college. The FAFSA will ask you to list the colleges to which you’re applying so it can send them your calculated financial need and estimated contribution. If you change your plans, you can sign back in and add a recipient. However, the smoothest plan is to list your community college at the time you apply to FAFSA. In addition to applying for federal financial aid, you might search for and apply to other external scholarships. There are all sorts of scholarships out there with different requirements, so you might find one that seems made just for you! The new student orientation will give you a chance to learn about the school, meet new people, and not have to worry about forgetting anybody's name. Step 6: Attend a New Student Orientation As mentioned above, it’s a good idea to attend a campus tour and an information session before you apply to learn more about your prospective school. Many community colleges also hold orientations for new students. These usually span a day or two and give you information about financial aid, placement testing, student and campus resources and policies, and academic guidance. They may also have you set up a school account and email address. If your school offers its own online portal, then you’ll probably do your class registration and other communication through that. Step 7: Take Placement Tests in Math and English One unique requirement of community colleges is their placement tests. After the college processes your application, you’ll be invited to take placement tests to determine your level for math and English classes. While you don’t have to take the SAT or ACT to enroll, you may find yourself exempt from these placement tests if you havea minimum SAT or ACT score. These vary from school to school, but tend to be around a 450 on SAT Reading or a 47 on ACT English and Readingcombined. For math, schools usually want to see around a 450 on SAT math or a 22 on ACT math. Placement tests don’t affect whether or not you get into community college. Instead, they help to determine what courses you should take in your first semester. It still may be useful to review math and English material before taking them to make sure you don’t end up in a class repeating much of what you already learned in high school. Your advisor's there to help! Step 8: Meet With YourAdvisor By the time you meet with an advisor, you should be all set with enrollment and placement testing. Your advisor can talk to you about the classes you want to take, as well as give you guidance about requirements and classes that could transfer credits to a 4-year school, if that’s in your plans. You can also ask her about opportunities outside of class, like cultural clubs, sports, language groups, and support services. To make the most of this meeting, make sure to research classes and prepare questions. Step 9: Register for Classes Finally, you’ll register for your classes! Full-time students usually take about 4 to 5 classes per semester. The first semester for first yearstends to be highly structured, so you may not have a lot of choice with these first few classes. If your registration is delayed, double check that you’ve paid all your fees and provided all required documentation, like proof of immunization (required for all college students when they start as freshmen - and grad students too, for that matter). Once you’ve registered for classes, you’re all done with the application process! It’s time to settle in and get studying! Now that we’ve gone over the steps for how to apply for community college, is there anything else you can do to get ready? To fully prepare, you must cross a mountain range with nothing but a walking stick and a backpack full of books. How Else Can You Prepare for Community College? While you can technically apply to community college at the last minute, you’d be much better off planning early, like in the winter or spring of senior year. Spend some time researching local community colleges or out of state schoolsand their programs. Attend information sessions, go on a tour, and try to speak to current and former students about their experiences. You should clarify your reasons for attending and overall goals to make sure you’re choosing the best classes and earning the credits you need. Part of this research may also involve learning about the community college’s articulation agreements with state schools and other 4-year schools to which you might ultimately apply. While you may not be sure exactly what 4-year college you’ll eventually transfer to, you can still work closely with your advisor to learn about credit requirements and how and when to apply to Bachelor's programs as a transfer student. As you attend info sessions and meet with your advisor, make sure to prepare some questions about application requirements, class registration, and/or transfer agreements. By gathering all the information you need, you can make the most of your time at community college to learn, earn credits, and work towardyour long-term academic and professional goals. What's Next? Are you also considering 4-year colleges in addition to community colleges or just wondering what the application process is like? To learn more about the process, check out this complete guide to applying to a 4-year college. Are you applying to college, but your GPA is lower than you'd like? Don't be discouraged! Read this guide to learn how to put together a strong college application despite lower than average grades. Colleges can get expensive, so you want to be on the ball about financial aid. This comprehensive guide goes over everything you need to know about applying for financial aid, step by step. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Necessity of Web Pages essays

The Necessity of Web Pages essays In todays modern world, in order to reach the most amount of people, using the least amount of time and money, one must have a web page. A web page is your universal, non-misplacable, chockfull of information, business card. It can display everything that the consumer needs to know, everything from prices to products, from times to locations. In order to succeed, you need a web page. Now, in order to display all this great content that one has brewing in their brain, one MUST get a domain. A domain is the physical local where the information for the web page is stored. Some domains offer vast amounts of space but slow download speeds; whereas others offer phenomenal download speed, but no for graphics, movies or other things to spruce up a page. When choosing a domain one must consider the name that the customer must type in to get to the web page. If one registers a web page with geocities, their url, or Universal Resource Locator, which indicates the page internet location would be something like, geocities.com/joeshmoe/index.html; not exactly easy to remember is it? But if one were to have, or register, their own url then the address could be, joeshmoe.com; which is much more personal and professional. To make the site surfer-friendly one should plan out the content of the web page and make sure that it is easy to navigate. When trying to make the web page look professional and user friendly frames versus flash is always a big controversy. Some people believe that because of the higher quality of images and interaction and motion that flash provides that it is the best when considering how to improve a page. I happen to believe, however, that because frames offers the same style of navigation, but also has a much smaller download time that it is the superior option. If one now knows what format they want, one should now plan out what the content should be. ...

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