Hitting a Baseball Is It the Hardest Thing to Do in All...

Have you ever wondered how baseball players are able to crush 400 foot homeruns? It takes years and years to perfect a baseball swing to be able to do that. Swinging a bat and hitting a baseball is a lot more difficult than most people think. The pros make it look so easy because they have to perfect many mechanics just to hit a ball hard on the sweet spot of the bat. â€Å"Hitting is the single most difficult thing to do in sport.† this coming from Ted Williams, one of the greatest hitters of all time. Hitting a baseball requires more mechanical precision compared to other sports (Williams). When baseball first started, the scores would be very low because no one knew how important the mechanics of the baseball swing were. This period of†¦show more content†¦Linear hitting really got started when the bats got lighter and the handles got skinnier. When this change occurred, it made it easier to shorten a player’s swing so he could reach the ball faster. This me thod also became more popular because it is easy to learn and to replicate. More young hitters are now using it because it teaches a player to get his power from his hands, wrists, and arms. But most kids have problems with this way of thinking because they are looking to hit homeruns. So instead, they drop their hands, swing hard, and then hit the ball straight up. Linear hitting really focuses on getting your hands to the ball and through the ball to make good contact (Jones). The big strong hitters today that look to try and pull the ball and hit for power use the hitting philosophy called rotational hitting. Rotational hitting is turning and pulling the ball. Most of the hitters who use rotational hitting usually do not have high averages. Rotational hitting teaches using your body, mainly the core, to generate more power. The whole goal of rotational hitting is just trying to hit the ball harder. Mike Epstein is most associated with the rotational philosophy and made it popul ar. If a player is just looking to hit the ball harder and farther, he should probably try rotational hitting (Epstein). Through time, the method of hitting has changed a lot. The two main hitting styles are linear and rotational hitting. From 1920 to 1975, rotational hitting wasShow MoreRelatedWhy Baseball Is the Most Difficult Sport Essay examples1144 Words   |  5 PagesOut of all the vast variety of sports there are, baseball is the most challenging and difficult sport to play. No other sport compares to the degree of difficulty that you have to deal with, like you do in playing the game of baseball. There are so many different elements that make this game the most difficult. Three major elements stick out in my mind as to why this wonderful sport is the toughest of all. The three main factors in my mind are the increased physical and hand eye coordination componentRead MoreBaseball Is The Hardest Sport Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesBaseball is the Hardest Sport All sports in some ways are difficult. No two sports are exactly the same with the same struggles. Playing baseball is the most difficult due to the physical and mental challenges that are performed by the athletes. Baseball is not a sport that any athlete can just pick up and play. Professional baseball players have a season with 162 games before post season. Baseball players arent the biggest, the strongest, or the fastest. A baseball player can be any size andRead MoreEssay about Discourse Community1391 Words   |  6 Pagesappeals. Being in a discourse community has made me put these appeals into perspective. Understanding that being in that community made me a stronger woman. This will give me a chance to show you, my professor and classmates that softball is indeed a sport. I will prove why I attended this discourse community in softball at a young age to now by explaining the mental state of understanding the rules, the physical mechanisms, and the emotional connection it has on my authority, team and myself. HavingRead MoreEssay on The Use of Sterioids in Baseball1434 Words   |  6 PagesSteroids In Baseball Baseball was meant to be a sport for people to play and to have fun while doing it. It was like that for a while until drugs such as steroids started becoming more accessible. There has been an ongoing conversation lately about cheating in sports. Within the four major sports in the US, baseball has been talked about the most when it comes to cheating. It is not only a problem in Major League Baseball. Young kids playing in college use steroids. Nowadays, athletes will tryRead MoreAthletes Overpaid? Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pagesand teamwork, none of these things are on an SAT or a college admissions test. When someone watches a sporting event they don’t learn anything that has to do with the history of the world, important literature, essential science knowledge, or necessary math skills (aside from watching the score). These are four of the most important things needed to be successful in life. None of which come from watching professional athletes bouncing a ball, throwing a ball, or hitting a ball. When it is reallyRead MoreHow to Play Golf1607 Words   |  7 Pagesis a lot of sports you can play throughout your life but I would have to say playing golf is the most challenging. Like in basketball you can practice your free throw shots multiple times and keep getting close to the hoop, which is the target, and get frustrated that it didn’t go in. But in golf you rarely ever get close to the target and when you do it’s like making a basket, you are super excited. It takes patients, and dedication to keep practicing. The first thing you need to do if you areRead MorePresident Roosevelt and The Selective Training and Service Act2983 Words   |  12 Pagesgame of baseball was at an all-time high in the eyes of the American public. During the 1941 major league baseball season the fans of game knew they witnessed two things that would go on to be very special. First Joe DiMaggio reached a feat that very well may never happen again, hitting safely in 56 consecutive games. Then Ted Williams went on to finish the season with a batting average of .406, marking the last time a player has finished the season with a batting average over .400. As baseball blossomedRead MoreThis Photo Shows My Mom. She Is What Got This Family Up1694 Words   |  7 PagesThis photo shows my mom. She is what got this family up to their potential. She is always there to help us when we need her and she helped us do better and get the best that she can provide. Even though everything in the background owned by my dad but noth ing could have been done without her. This picture was taken in Vernon California 2016 at a company that’s considered big to most people and still growing. My mom was 9 when she left home and moved from one families house to another, to work andRead MoreNormal Distribution and Standard Deviation1399 Words   |  6 Pagesdistribution, range, standard deviation, stimulus Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) Most professional baseball pitchers can throw a fastball over 145 km/h (90 mph). This gives the batter less than half a second to read the pitch, decide whether to swing, and then try to hit the ball. No wonder hitting a baseball is considered one of the hardest things to do in sports! 1. What are some things in your life you must react to quickly? You need to react quickly when you areRead MoreThe Legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay2170 Words   |  9 PagesPeople do not acknowledge the struggles that African Americans had to endure for them to be treated equally, the way a true American is supposed to be treated. One of the ways they were not treated equally was by not being able to participate in sports with whites. From the beginning of our nation, colored people were highly disrespected and treated as if they were some type of animals, which have no say in what happens to them. They were not given any opportunities and were treated harshly because

Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) Essay - 872 Words

Youth crime is a growing epidemic that affects most teenagers at one point in their life. There is no question in society to whether or not youths are committing crimes. It has been shown that since 1986 to 1998 violent crime committed by youth jumped approximately 120% (CITE). The most controversial debate in Canadian history would have to be about the Young Offenders Act (YOA). In 1982, Parliament passed the Young Offenders Act (YOA). Effective since 1984, the Young Offenders Act replaced the most recent version of the Juvenile Delinquents Act (JDA). The Young Offenders Act’s purpose was to shift from a social welfare approach to making youth take responsibility for their actions. It also addressed concerns that the paternalistic†¦show more content†¦Youth crime is a tough issue, with many differing opinions. Punishment and rehabilitation, one, the other, or both, all topics of debate within society. If you were to discuss the issues with the parents of a victim, it would be understandable that their opinions would differ greatly than those of the parents of the offender. Many people have formed an opinion without an in depth look at the act. Others simply do not care. The question that needs to be answered is, does the Youth Criminal Justice Act in Canada properly address the victims rights, the rights and needs of the young offender, and does it protect public safety? That question is hard to answer, as some people think that the Act is a more decent and humane way to approach young persons in trouble with the law. On the other hand others feel it offers too much protection to those whom least deserve it -- the young offenders, and very little to those who deserve it -- the victims. The Youth Criminal Justice Act should concentrate on making young offenders aware that they will be held responsible and accountable for their behaviour. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Today, despite the fact that youth crime ratesShow MoreRelatedThe Youth Criminal Justice Act893 Words   |  4 Pagesfire. The youth criminal justice Act (YCJA) provided opportunities for them to reintegrate and rehabilitate, instead of throwing them in jail. YCJA covers kids between the ages twelve to seventeen years old. It s purpose is to handle youth offenders more differently than adults because of their undeveloped minds. The YCJA was released back in 2003. By protecting the rights and providing Youth Canadians the support they need, the YCJA benefits the offenders in a positive way. The act gentrustRead Moreimprovements of our youth criminal justice system Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesWhen thinking about youth crime do you envision a country with a high rate of young offenders, gang activity and re-offending? Or do you envision a country with a significant increase of young offenders either being successfully reintegrated into society, or help ed by a community when seeking forgiveness for a minor offence that they have committed? Since the passing of Bill C-7 or the Youth Criminal Justice Act on February 4, 2002 by the House of Commons, many significant improvements have beenRead MoreThe Youth Criminal Justice Act879 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"I have always found that mercy bears richer fruits than strict justice† –Abraham Lincoln Why is it that gardeners spend so much time nurturing their precious flowers? Perhaps the answer lies in the satisfaction which is gained from raising beautiful blooms. In like manner, Canada’s government believes that their flourishing youth deserve care and support in their journey of learning morals. The Youth Criminal Justice Act is a system which enforces the punishment of teenagers from the ages of 12-17Read MoreYouth Criminal Justice Act881 Words   |  4 PagesWhen someone mentions the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), some would argue that there is no purpose for it. Some believe that the age boundary is inappropriate; some believe that children should not have reduced sentences and special rights; and some may think that a youth’s criminal record should be accessible in the future. If one would look at all of the positive aspects, statistics, and examples that apply to the YCJA, then they would better appreciate the statute that applies to the youngRead More Juvenile Delinquency Act ( Jda ) And Young Offenders Act1260 Words   |  6 Pagesetc. Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), a part of Canadian Legislation, determines the process of prosecution for youths under the Canadian Criminal Justice system. This has assisted several young adults reintegrate into society. It contains a set of definitive purposes and principles to aid judges in deciding sentences that are appropriate for youth. Prior to the YCJA, the Youth Justice Legislation was greatly influenced by two major acts: Juvenile Delinquents Act (JDA) and Young Offenders Act (YOA)Read MoreYouth Criminal Justice Act Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pagescontinue the government established the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) which gives young offenders a chance to better themselves, and. By doing so, the YCJA helps teach youth that their actions are unacceptable and the punishments imposed are lesser then an adult. Through the analysis of their unacceptable actions, lesser punishments and a better future, it is clear that YCJA is highly effective at giving youth a better chance in society. The YCJA teaches youth that their actions were unacceptableRead MoreYouth Criminal Justice Act1532 Words   |  7 PagesThe Youth Criminal Justice Act is a piece of Canadian legislation...that determines the way in which youths are prosecuted under Canadas criminal justice system. The act was implemented April 1, 2003, after 7 years, 3 drafts, and more than 160 amendments. The clearly stated purpose of the Youth Criminal Justice Act is protection of the public through crime prevention, rehabilitation, and meaningful consequences (s.3(1)(a)(I-iii)). For a better understanding on whether the courts were followingRead MoreHow Effective Is The Youth Justice System Essay1709 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction How effective is the Youth Justice System in responding to youth crime? Since the arrival of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) came into effect, the crime rates have decreased. Previously Canada had one of the highest youth incarceration rates in the western world. However since the Youth Criminal Justice Act got put into place in 2003, the crime rates have declined significantly. The Youth Justice System does their best to better and rehabilitate the adolescents that get intoRead MoreThe For Young Boys From Hell s Kitchen New York1657 Words   |  7 PagesHow would you feel if one act of immaturity defined the rest of your life? Not very good one would imagine. However it does happen and in this case it has happened to four young boys from Hell’s Kitchen New York. A simple idea of a funny prank on the local hot dog vender turned into a nightmare for the boys. Their prank got them charged with Criminal Negligence causing Bodily Harm, Theft and Mischief over $5,000. The b oys were sentenced to a young boy’s home where they were sexually and psychicallyRead MoreYCJA841 Words   |  4 PagesMental Illness and Risk-Needs Responsivity Referring to aspects from Goldson and Muncie’s (2006) article on â€Å"a youth justice with integrity† (pp. 99-102), the essay will argue that section 38 of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) should incorporate a risk-needs responsivity model (RNR) to the sentencing structure. Moreover, this addition should replace the 2012 amendments of section 38, which incorporated deterrence and denunciation into sentencing practices (s. 38(2)(f)). This amendment has

Highland Products free essay sample

The Webster Industries case is about a company that has seen a lot of growth throughout the years. As a result management became strained and needed to divide the company into groups with a divisional corporate structure. In 1974 the company was faced with financial troubles due to a combination of economic slowdown and growing too quickly. Webster grew too fast and this resulted in â€Å"sloppy staffing†. The company did have a PA process in effect, but it was used on a voluntary basis. The mindset of the employees is that anything can be appealed to the President and Chairman; no decision is really final and can be brought before the owners. The main issue that caused all these layoffs to be done was the fact that the company did not seem to have a growth plan in action to help control and streamline the process. According to a plant manager, â€Å"Staffing was done sloppily, so we ended up with a lot of fat†. We will write a custom essay sample on Highland Products or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Carter tried to adjust his departments through demotions to trim the fat, but was denied. Given the task at hand, to let go 43 managers Carter needs to make sure that he can justify his reasons. Also the perception of fairness is important. He doesn’t seem to understand how that fits into the decision making process. It would be a good idea to involve someone from HR to help make sure that the decisions are fair and it does not seem to single out one group from another. Unfortunately he cannot rely on the PAS, so this will have to be done through determining criteria. Out of all the options that Carter has thought of, the trim the fat option would be best. This is because it is easier to identify positions that are redundant or are no longer an important part of the business. Carter should start by evaluating the positions themselves. Through identifying which positions are no longer needed he can then start to look at personnel. Then he can devise a plan of which managers to let go. If there are some employees that show growth and promise this would be the time to switch things up. I think that Carter should develop his termination list without consulting the criteria that the president has laid out for him. Those criteria develop biases through the selection process. People that should be let go because they do not perform or their position is no longer needed could be protected due to Webster’s guidelines. During this selection process Carter needs to make sure that he is documenting his decisions and work with HR to ensure that he is not violating any EEOC or other regulations that could put the company in legal hot water. The owners of Webster Industries have set a precedence of showing the managers that they do not have control over the decisions made in each department. Employees can appeal to the owner’s for any decisions, including promotions. This process needs to be stopped. The owner’s need to trust their management to make the correct decisions and stand behind them when questioned about it because without that it creates an environment of â€Å"I don’t like what you told me so I’ll take it to someone who will give me the answer I want†. This company has been known to take care of its employees and they should show they care even after the employee has been released. Since approximately one-half of the employed residents work for Webster it would be a good idea to provide employees that have been laid off with all the resources available to them. Whether it is information about unemployment benefits, resume writing workshops, interview skills, and current openings in other companies around Clearwater. By providing these displaced workers with information about what to do next will show the employees that while they couldn’t keep everyone, they still care about what happens. The ineffectiveness of the performance appraisal system makes it difficult to utilize it as a tool to determine whom to let go. While this issue cannot be solved before the decision is to be made it would be a good idea for Webster’s HR department to form a comprehensive performance appraisal system to be used in the future to help the company make better strategic hiring/re-organization decisions. This will be a hard transition, but making sure that the lines of communication are open will help employees get back on track. The company needs to make an effort to explain what is happening, why it is happening and how they make their decisions. Not everyone is going to like it, but they need to have good documentation in case any legal issues arise from this round of layoffs.

Economy Efficiency and Effective Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Economy Efficiency and Effective. Answer: Introduction: The terms economy, efficiency and effectiveness are often used imprecisely especially referring to value for money. This is because the implications of these terms have transcended their technical meanings to apply to broader areas in the world. The same applies to the words efficiency and effectiveness. The paper would show how these three terms are used imprecisely especially while describing public contexts. The author would go on to introduce the three terms namely, economy, efficiency and effectiveness in their literal meaning and then go deeper into these terms to show the actual usage of them. The paper would show the vast usage of these terms and how they have transcended their literal meanings to serve broader public services perspectives. The researcher would discover that these three words are interrelated and cannot be studied with each other. The organisation considered to conduct the study is the Irish branch of HSE, HSE Ireland (hse.ie 2018). Economy: The term economy refers to areas of production of goods and services. The term is used to mark areas of distribution or trading of goods and services. An economy is often defined as a system which enables manufacture, distribution and consumption of goods. The consumers in different economies enjoy services like public health and medical services for subsidised costs. Thus, here economy acts a facility which enables circulation of financial capital between the producers (public sector health service providers) and consumers. As this definition points out that the term is not restricted within any specific country or geographical area (Veleva et al. 2015). Economies have no specific physical boundaries as they are systems which enable flow of money from, producers (health service providers) to patients (consumers) all over the world. Audretsch, Lehmann and Wright (2014) argue that the above discussion apparently points out that financial resources flow in the global economy freely whi ch is not true and feasible. The flow of financial resources in the global economy is controlled by governments and international organisations to ensure that the resources flow into the areas of further public benefits (Arvis et al. 2016). The governments regulate the flow of money within their jurisdictions through various public service organisations like apex banks and stock exchanges. The governments regulate the flow of money within their jurisdiction to provide services to their people. For example HSE Ireland is a public sector health service which works according to the directives of the European Union on no gain or profit basis (hse.gov.uk 2018). This involvement of governments in the welfare of people through public services adds value to the money flowing in the global economy. These important roles of governments and international organisations have led to use of the word economy and countries interchangeably. The following are the new aspects of the word economy which is used in global scenario today: Traditional economy: Traditional economies are economies in which customs, traditional perceptions and beliefs decide the production of goods and services in the economies. These factors even decide the terms and manners the producers and consumers exchange goods and services. The traditional economies are mostly restricted within rural areas where the medium of exchange is not standardised (Edwards 2017). People exchange products of certain values with products of equal values. This analysis shows that traditional economic systems are not developed to allow large scale flow of goods. This purpose is served by modern economies which are empowered with the infrastructure to allow and control flow of resources all round the world. Modern economies: The term modern economy refers to economies which have the infrastructure to allow global flows of money. The following are the salient features of modern economies: Integration and logistisation of economies: Stiglitz and Rosengard (2015) point out that, modern economies today are characterised by massive logistization of resources between countries. The governments, the suppliers, wholesalers and logistics companies today form strategies regarding movement of goods and services between countries. For example, the public services like HSE Ireland enable flow of medical services throughout Ireland to ensure access of Irish people to treatment and healthy lives. The logistics arms of HSE transports medicines to the most interior areas of Ireland to ensure that the patients can get access to these facilities easily. Thus, the term economy in the global context can be referred to as networks controlled by governments to enhance the value of money (Sini 2015). Informatization: Another salient feature of modern economies is use of information technology to integrate and manage movement of goods and services. For example, the government of Ireland can gain use its information network to gain information on the requirements for medical aids in different regions in the country. The government then collaborates through HSE, its health sector organisation working under public sector with other non-profit making organisations to provide medical services in those areas (Lei, Mol and Shuai 2017). This meeting demand and supply generates revenue in the global economy. Thus, it can be inferred from the discussion that without informatization flow of goods, services and financial resources are not possible. External market impacts on flow of goods and services: Modern economies are characterised by influences from external market like other countries on the flows of goods, services and financial capital. The demand and supply of goods services in one economy today influences the other. The economies today share resources which allow economies to satisfy the shortage of supply of resources by acquiring it from other economies. Similarly, the excess supply of goods and services can be channelized into other economies (Schaltegger, Hansen and Ldeke-Freund 2016). Thus this integration between markets enables the consumers to obtain goods and service even from foreign markets (Stiglitz and Rosengard 2015). For example, the public services like HSE Ireland enable the people to consume medicines which manufactured in other countries. Thus, it can be inferred that external market influences enable more efficient circulation of goods and services like medicines and medical facilities respectively within Ireland and ensuring of health development among the people (Lei, Mol and Shuai 2017). The findings from the above discussion points out that unlike traditional economy, the term economy in modern sense is more global in nature. The three characteristics of the modern economy are presence of logistics as an important element of flow of goods and services, the use of information technology inmanagement of the global logistics systems and global influences on the domestic markets (Gabaix and Maggiori 2015). These attributes have become more relevant because they enable the governments to shift goods like medical from one part of the country to another. For example, HSE Ireland undertakes rescue operations and evacuation operations of the people during accidents like fire and natural calamities. Thus the public service is heavily dependent on logistics and availability of information during rescuing the victims (Lei, Mol and Shuai 2017). The most notable characteristic of modern economies are that the manufacturing sector and service sector obtain their human resources fr om the educational institutes. For example, HSE acquires trained medical and paramedical staffs to treat patients from reputed medical colleges. The modern economies can again be divided into the following types: Command economic system: A command economic system is a system where the resources are completely under the control of centralised authorities like the governments. The governments in command economies make strategies to control the logistization of goods and services within the economy. These governments as a result have full control over the financial capital which is generated by the flow of goods and services from producers to consumers (Dudin et al. 2014). The governments of command economies take the responsibilities of generating employment and provide services to their people. The command economies do not experience development of private sector industries and do not encourage entry of multinational companies. For example, in the below graph, there are two arbitrary countries, Country A and Country B, both assumed to be command economies. Country A has 200 HSE nurses compared to 100 HSE nurses in demand which means 100 nurses remain unutilised or unemployed. Again, country B produces only 100 HSE nurses compared to 150 HSE nurses demanded which means there exists of a deficit of 50 HSE nurses. This means in case of country A 100 HSE nurses remain unemployed and in case of country B, the supply falls short by 50 HSE nurses. Market economic system: The free market economies or open economies are characterised by participation of household sector and the industrial sector to control flow of goods, services and financial capital. The household sector creates demand for the goods while the industrial sector produces goods and services to fulfil the demand. It is apparent that governments have no role to play in free market economies but in reality free market economies do not exist (Frerichs 2017). The governments in these systems form the policies which the industries have to follow while operating in the market. As far as public sector is concerned, bodies like HSE Ireland regulate the other organisations to ensure that they enforce safety measures for their employees. Thus market economies organisations like HSE ensure benefit of people working in different organisations (Lei, Mol and Shuai 2017). Mixed economic system: Mixed economies are characterised by presence of both public and private sector industries. The governments in these economies control important sectors like defence and railways. The governments in mixed economic systems like Ireland; besides private sector organisations provide their residents with basic services like health services. For example, the Health Services Executive (HSE) is a health service providing body in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The body provides health care services to people, especially the ones who cannot afford expensive treatments in private hospitals (hse.ie 2018). The health sectors in mixed economies experience heavy growth of private sector companies including multinational companies both of indigenous and foreign origin. The governments in the mixed economies form policies and laws to regulate the private sectors (Chueva et al. 2016). Moreover, HSE is a government body which makes policies which all other sectors are supposed to follow in ensuring h ealth and safety of their employees. For example, according to the previous example, let it be assumed that both country A and B have changed to open economies. Now country A can relocate 50 HSE nurses to country B as shown in the graph below. Country B can meet its supply deficit in public sector health service while country A can earn extra revenue. Thus, in mixed economic systems governments facilitate exports and imports of goods between countries. These sharing of resources allow countries producing excess commodities export to other countries which experience shortage of those commodities. The governments and companies involved in exporting commodities are able to earn huge revenues. This discussion proves clearly that term modern economy experiences flow of products and money between countries or economies under strict control of governments (Dudin et al. 2014). Findings from the discussions: The discussion above reveals several facts about the term economy and its usage in the global context. The term economy refers to the system which facilitates flow of goods, services and financial capital. The definition apparently points out that the term economy is autonomous. However, in reality these flows of goods, services and money between countries are not uncontrolled. The governments and international organisations manage the flow of resources within their jurisdiction (Lei, Mol and Shuai 2017). For example, the health sector cannot function efficiently in the Irish economy without the intervention of public sector bodies like HSE. This role of governments in controlling the flow of resources within their jurisdictions has resulted in diversity in the flow of resources and capital generated (Maclean, Jagannathan and Panth 2018). Thus, prominent roles of governments of countries have led to the use of terms economies and countries interchangeably. The discussion points out that the term economy is actually vast and embraces factors like extent of government interventions in the operations of different countries or economies. The traditional economies were restricted within rural areas and were characterised by exchange of goods of equal values. The modern economies are characterised by logistization, use of IT to manage logistics and countries influencing each others markets. The discussion points out that modern economies are characterised by participation of public services like government run public health services like HSE Ireland and their private counterparts (hse.ie 2018). The modern economies are mostly mixed economies which experience presence of private sector companies in manufacturing goods and services. The main role of the governments today is to provide the economies with security from external aggression and form laws to facilitate the functioning of the industrial sector. The discussion stresses on the flow of goods and services and generation of revenue. It must be pointed out that the aim of economic functions is to maximise the flow of products in order to generate maximisation of revenue or gaining efficiency. Economic activities aim to generate maximise output from minimum inputs. It can also be interpreted in monetary terms that efficiency is the capability of earning the maximum possible financial returns from investments in the markets (Serrador and Turner 2015). This aim of economic activities of gaining efficiencies often leads to imprecise use of the two terms interchangeably. Efficiency: The term efficiency generally means the ability to produce target output by wasting minimum amount of resources. The implications of the term target output vary with industry and contexts (Johnson, Leenders and McCue 2017). Efficiency in public sector refers to providing important services to the people either at very low cost or almost free of cost. For example, HSE Ireland is one such public sector health organisation which provides services to people of Ireland on non-profit basis. Thus efficiency here means adding value to money by channelizing it towards public welfare (hse.ie 2018). Types of efficiency: Efficiency in economic perspective: Efficiency in manufacturing industries refers to ability of producing finished goods by generating minimum wastage. The term from economic perspective can mean optimum allocation of resources to satisfy market demands and reducing their wastage. The public health service providing organisations refer to efficiency as their ability to serve maximum number of patients by allocating minimum resources (Gottfredson et al. 2015). The term efficiency today embraces several areas like bringing about economic development of local population, environmental benefits, energy efficiency and stakeholder benefits. For example, the health sector in Ireland is consists of two tiers namely, public sector health care systems and private sector health care facilities. Ireland has one of the advanced healthcare systems in the world where more than fifty percent of the spending comes from the government alone as shown in the graph below (Bukhari and Kazi 2016). The public sector health care systems like HSE Ireland provide employment to a large number of people, thus creating employment opportunities in the countrry. The body collaborates with the voluntary organisations to provide better services, thus bringimg about social welfare. It is evident from the collaboration of HSE Ireland with pathological laboratories and insurance companies to bring about more innovative treatment packages in the public health care system in terms of both product and pricing. It must also be noted that foreign multinational health care and insurance companies are also contributing to the efficiency of the health care facility in Ireland. Thus, it can once be pointed out that collaboration between countries lead to efficiency in different industries as shown in the example (Ranchhod et al. 2014). Thus, this discussion reveals that the close connectedness of efficiency of industries and collaboration between countries (which are often termed as economies) have led to the imprecise use of the terms economies and efficiency. Effectiveness: The term effectiveness refers to the capacity of producing desired outcome. Apparently, it looks as if effectiveness is same as efficiency. A closer look at the effectiveness and its use shows that the term is associated with quality while the term efficiency is more associated with quantity (Serrador and Turner 2015). Production efficiency: The term efficiency is used by economists to refer to the level at which an economy can no longer produce a particular without lowering production of another commodity. Here, the term efficiency can be interpreted as the stage where an economy has allocated its maximum available resources towards producing a commodity and requires allocating more resources from other production systems to continue production of the commodity (Lei, Mol and Shuai 2017). Here again it can be pointed out that countries or economies instead of deducting resources from other economies to increase production of certain commodities, imports resources or finished goods from other economies. For example, public health service bodies like HSE imports medicines from foreign markets to meet the increasing medical demands. This has made more medical facilities available to the people of Ireland, thus making the health sector more efficient (Cao, Duan and Li 2015). This shows that economies play crucial role in ens uring effectiveness in their production of goods. Conclusion: The above discussion clearly points out the grounds responsible for imprecise use of the terms economy, efficiency and effectiveness. These terms are interrelated and are often used interchangeably. The three terms are today used as value for money especially in terms of public services provided by governments all round the world. However, this system though apparently automatic, calls for intervention of governments and international organisations to control these flows of products and money. These pivotal roles of governments in control economic systems have led countries being referred to as economies. The 2nd term, efficiency refers to the capability of governments of countries or their public services arms to produce services by incurring minimum wastage of resources and bearing minimum expenditure. As pointed out, governments play pivotal roles in providing infrastructure for industries to work efficiently and boost their productivities. Thus, economies or countries (government s) play important roles in ensuring efficiency in production of goods (medicines) and services (medical treatments). This important role of economies in gaining efficiency has led to the two being used interchangeably. The third term effectiveness refers to the quality aspect of the services rather than efficiency, which stresses on the quality aspect of the products. The discussion clearly shows that achievement of effectiveness and production of high quality products requires allocation of capital resources which in turn requires companies to be efficient. This means that the companies are required to produce products in large amounts to sell them to maximum consumers and generate high revenue which it can channelize towards gaining effectiveness. Thus, effectiveness is dependent on efficiency and organisations need to achieve both to sustain in the competitive market. 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