art :: essays research papers

When looking into society once tramp be work ond by a number of issues. These issues can include art. Art is work that is put together by an individual. It is a true creative act that is used as a seduce of looking at from the artist. Art is inspiring and can influence a society. Art work is seen through acting, music, and pictures.Firstly, one can see art through acting. Acting is a performance in which one disguises themselves and become a different individual. Acting is an expression of oneself. This act can be seen in plays, on Television and in movies. Acting is important to a society for it provides an escape route as well as a form of entertainment. Without acting thither would be more than boredom. Many rely on going to plays as well as watching television. Without these forms of art, it would be difficult for one to stay entertained. Acting is a form of art that is important to a society. Secondly, music is a form of art. Song writers and singers use their talent to ma ke music. Music is in spring and can influence others. Music can be seen as a form of entertainment also. It is constantly being played on the radio as well as clubs and concerts. Many listen to music to become entertained. For some, listening to an inspired song can effect their views, can also influence into reaching goals. Music is a well known form of art.Lastly, art can be seen in art galleries. Some forms of art that are usually seen are sculptures, paintings, and also photographs. every(prenominal) these forms are made uniquely and by persons. It is the fact that it is made by thought and made by a person that is called art. Sculptures of people and objects can be inspiring and educational to many. Paintings and photographs can contrast a mood in which can inspire a person. These forms of art are very important to society. If there were no galleries nor any forms of art than this world would be plain. Art forms surround society making it a more interesting, creative place.Ar t can bee seen in many places, it is everywhere one turns billboards, houses, business buildings, outside.

Ethnocentrism :: essays research papers

Ethnocentrism 1a. The difference between the way that the Thais deal with traffic accidents is very different from our own in the manner that when an accident occurs they compare the pervert done to each vehicle and then the damage done to each person. To call the police is a big waste of time because many early(a) riders do not have a license. After the problem had been taken care of you are not supposed to make any other affect with the other party. It almost seems like the debate between the groups that gathered was the way that the people could get rid of boredom. 1b. Not going to jail and the passing of the sidereal day is the need that the Thais obtained. 2. Three examples of Ethnocentrism a) When the people from the street approached the injured men, the people seemed just as interested in the damage to the motorcycles as they were to the injuries to the persons riding the bikes. b) There was no direct contact between the parties that were in the accident, the people stan ding around each of the men did the running between the men. The police were not called and there was no lawsuit or fight between the motorists. c) There is just as many people without licenses as there are people with licenses. 3. Sometimes when we head off ethnocentric behavior, and respect the other cultures, we lose a portion of our own culture. Our culture is supposed to be based on peace but, for example, with the rise of abandon in schools it is necessary to keep all knives out of the classroom. The government let ceremonial knives enter the school. What really is the difference between a ceremonial and unwavering knives? They both cause bleeding when used and they both kill, isnt this what were trying to stop? We are going to lose our culture in night club to keep religion alive.

Was the Alliance System Responsible for the Outbreak of WWI? :: World War I History

Was the Alliance System Responsible for the Outbreak of WWI?The importance of the alliance system that developed in Europe in the decades before World War I as a cause for it is still an important topic of debate and argument between modern historians. some(a) argue that the alliance system was a direct cause of the outbreak of war between all major countries in Europe while new(prenominal) historians prefer to state that the alliance configuration we observe before the war started was simply a symptom of the conflicts and disagreements, fears and envies that had been accumulating since the capital of North Dakota system of alliances collapsed, and even before then. This be opinion is becoming to a greater extent accepted as the one that describes the true importance of the actual alliance system as a cause of the war. In order to determine the importance of the alliance system as a cause for the war we must showtime explore the origins of these alliances. We will take high-point of the Bismarck system in 1878 as our starting point as the Franco-Prussian war is a key factor for the development of this system. The alliance system ideated by the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck kept peace in Europe but its main aim was, however, to forestall the possibility that, in the event of war, Germany would have to maintain it on two fronts (basically France and Russia). This was achieved by diplomatically isolating France so that its dream of recapturing its lost provinces of Alsace-Lorraine couldnt be fulfilled. This was done by, firstly, the creation of the League of the Three Emperors or Dreikaiserbund. It was first projected as a meeting of the monarchs of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia in 1872 and confirmed the following year, the 22nd of October 1873. Here, the very general and formless agreement was given a more solid form by military agreements promising to help any country attacked by a fourth party. And all this even though that at that place was mu tual rivalry between Russia and Austria-Hungary in the Balkans. This proved to be a concrete way to isolate France for as E. Eyck mentions, the League ensured that neither Austria-Hungary nor Russia was forthcoming as an ally for France. At this point, Bismarck didnt consider Britain as a potential French ally as they had a long history of rivalry. Secondly, in 1887 the Reinsurance Treaty was signed with Russia in which it promised to support Russias claims to the strait and to remain neutral in the event of war unless it attacked Austria-Hungary, the same with Russia, who promised to remain neutral unless it attacked France.

Language Differences in America Essay -- Essays Papers

Language Differences in America America is a country of immigrants. Lots of multitude from other countries are coming here separately year. Most of these people dont know the language, so they face a lot of difficulties at first. Even after theyve been in the country for sort of a while they still have an accent and sometimes their grammar usage is not blameless. Often people, who were born and raised in the United States, cannot understand what people with different dialect or accent are saying, so that creates problems and uncomfortable situations for the immigrants. Sometimes people with an accent would be treated differently, as if they were not as intelligent or as smart as others. I am foreign myself and I can tell from my personal experience that it is re bothy fractious to start a new life in another country. Amy Tan in her Mother Tongue describes an example of the situation like this, when Amy Tans mothers CAT scan results were lost and hospital would not apologize to her. All of this was because of Amys mothers dialect, but when Amy, who speaks a perfect English, herself talked to the hospital lo and behold we had assurances the CAT scan would be found, promises that a conference call on Monday would be held, and apologies for any suffering my mother had gone done for a most regrettable mistake. Sometimes it is necessary for the people to understand that person, who has a dialect or an accent, is not that much different from them and that person has to be treated equally, as well as someone without an accent. Different people come to America they have different traditions, religion, lifestyles, and lots of other things, but all of them are trying to start a new life, because the one they had in the ... ...elf in the other persons place. I think that she is right and we should have respect for separately other and accent should not become a barrier for the communication. I agree with Thomas Bray that, one becomes American by bu ying into a set of ideas honed by long and often bitter experience about what works and doesnt work but he also says that all of us need to assimilate to one culture and one standard, and personally I think it is not right and it can not happen, because if you are an immigrant, you cannot just fail your whole past, but what would be better is to bring something special, bright and exciting from your past, and leave all the bad things behind. In this case both, the American orderliness and you, would win. And our society has to help people do that, and it should not think of the people, who come here, as of unworthy their attention and respect.

Essay --

Teresa Devlin 12 February 2014PSY2012LThe research article that I read was about the relationship amongst the use of technology in children and how their creativity take aim increases as a result of using different types of technological devices. This research was done by step the childs level of creativity after using different types of electronic devices based on Torrances test of creative thinking, which is said by many researchers to be the best and most accurate way to measure creativity in children. The hypothesis of the study was that one of the four electronic devices would reason for a greater level of creativity. The four devices that were used in this study were computers, the Internet, pic games, and cell phones. The researchers were very drawn to the fact that many children played idiot box games and that video games are a part of many childrens every day activity. The study was conducted with almost five hundred 12 year-old children. The gender proportion was abou t half female and half male. The ratio of the racial backgrounds was about 70% Caucasian and 30% African American. The study was set up so the participants had two stimuli to respond to, which were pictures of an elf and an egg. The participants were to respond to the stimuli in the form of questions about what they thought of the pictures, to list what they thought was get holding in the picture, and the possibilities of what they think might happen next in the picture. They were also asked what their favorite video game was. The independent changeable, or the variable being changed, was the use of the four devices. The dependent variable, or the variable that is being measured, was the level of creativity after using the device. The research was conducted o... ...o become creative so you should go out and buy your child a video game if you want them to become more creative. That is why causal conclusions cannot be made in this correlational study. I think that another explanati on of why children that play video games scored higher on the creative thinking tests is because video games open you into a new world. I think that they open your imagination and allow in you to think like you never have before because of the things that video games portray such as outer space, different worlds, and things that are impossible for us public to psychically do like turn into a fire-breathing dragon. I think that with children being able to open up their imagination it allows for a greater level of creativity. Works CitedSnider, Mike. Research Video Games Help with Creativity in Boys and Girls. USA Today 02 Nov. 2011 n. pag. Print

Essay --

Teresa Devlin 12 February 2014PSY2012LThe look for article that I read was about the relationship between the use of technology in children and how their creativity level increases as a result of apply different types of technological devices. This research was done by measuring the childs level of creativity after using different types of electronic devices based on Torrances test of creative cerebration, which is said by many researchers to be the best and most accurate modal value to measure creativity in children. The hypothesis of the study was that one of the four electronic devices would cause for a greater level of creativity. The four devices that were used in this study were computers, the Internet, telecasting mettlesomes, and cell phones. The researchers were very drawn to the fact that many children played video games and that video games are a part of many childrens every day activity. The study was conducted with almost five hundred 12 year-old children. The gende r ratio was about half female and half male. The ratio of the racial backgrounds was about 70% Caucasian and 30% African American. The study was set up so the participants had two stimuli to respond to, which were pictures of an elf and an egg. The participants were to respond to the stimuli in the stratum of questions about what they thought of the pictures, to list what they thought was happening in the picture, and the possibilities of what they think might happen next in the picture. They were also asked what their favorite video game was. The independent variable, or the variable being changed, was the use of the four devices. The dependent variable, or the variable that is being measured, was the level of creativity after using the device. The research was conducted o... ...o become creative so you should go out and buy your child a video game if you want them to become more creative. That is why causative conclusions cannot be made in this correlational study. I think that another explanation of why children that play video games scored higher on the creative thinking tests is because video games open you into a new world. I think that they open your imagination and allow you to think like you never have before because of the things that video games portray such as outer space, different worlds, and things that are impossible for us humans to psychically do like turn into a fire-breathing dragon. I think that with children being able to open up their imagination it allows for a greater level of creativity. Works CitedSnider, Mike. Research Video Games Help with Creativity in Boys and Girls. USA Today 02 Nov. 2011 n. pag. Print

Capital Punishment †Fair and Balanced Essay

Capital punishment is a difficult issue to address and has been the subject of exceedingly contr oversial debates over the decades. The United States Supreme Court decided in Furman v. Georgia that the wipeout penalty was a form of cruel and unusual punishment. However, equitable three years later in 1975, the Supreme Court reversed their decision, and executions resumed under state regulation. The decease penalty is considered the acrimoniousest from of punishment enforced today. The most parking lot method used to implement this task is lethal injection although, the electric chair is still used in some states. The large debate over the death penalty comes from liberal fanatics who use deception and falsehoods to further their cause.Supporters of the death penalty consider working capital punishment the only way for true evaluator to be executed for the severest of crimes. Supporters also claim criminals that commit such harsh crimes, including murder and rape, deserve to be punished to the fullest extent of the law. Preventing future crimes and deterring criminals from committing such harsh acts also play key roles in support of the death penalty. Concrete proof of deterrence al genius is not a valid reason for capital punishment, nor is it the underlying principle in use by astute death penalty advocates. Criminals ought to be punished for their crimes committed and not merely to deter others.That state however, the death penalty unquestionably deters the murderer who is executed. Strictly speaking, this is a form of incapacitation similar to the way a robber put in prison is prevented from robbing on the streets. Vicious murderers must be eliminated to prevent them from murdering again, either in prison, or in society if they should get out. Both as a deterrent and as a form of permanent incapacitation, the death penalty helps to prevent future crime.The argument against capital punishment relies on myth, propaganda, and misplaced emotion. Many peopl e against the death sentence claim that the justice system is discriminatory. This statement is blatantly false. African-Americans and other minorities are not impacted unfairly by the justice system. The fact of the military issue is the majority of those executedsince 1976 have been Caucasian males. If the death penalty is truly discriminatory, then it is biased against white murderers and not blacks, because figures show that African-Americans make up a majority of those convicted of murder. According to the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, blacks committed 51.5% of murders between 1976 and 1999, while whites committed 46.5%. The latest of hate crime laws are likely to only aggravate the hypocrisy. A hate crimes frame of mind translates into tougher sentences for interracial crimes. Since Caucasians are killed by African-Americans 2.6 times more(prenominal) often then the other way around, more killers of Caucasians volition be predisposed to receiving the death penalty.Fin ances are also argued frequently on the topic of capital punishment.It costs more to execute a person than to withhold him or her in prison for life. A 1993 California study argues that each death penalty case costs at least $1.25 million more than a regular murder case and a sentence of life without the possibility of parole (Deathpenalty.org). This statement deserves no response, because the figures are not perfect, and are incertain at best. Nevermind the fact that justice should not be up for sale. Serving justice is not about saving money, and should not be treated as if it were an item being contracted, trying to get the lowest bid.Retribution is an additional reason for capital punishment, which some opponents of capital punishment confuse with vengeance. As a sound principle of natural law and common sense, the punishment should fit the crime. For example, if someone had been convicted of the assassination of the president, and the judge had sentenced him or her to only fi ve years in prison, the nation would have been properly outraged. Having a fit punishment for the crime committed has been around since the beginning of civilization.Hammurabis Code of Law, developed long in the lead the birth of Christ, claims retribution as, an eye for an eye, life for a life. Retribution makes capital punishment justifiable because it is an injustice to tolerate such unimaginable horror.If one commits a crime, he or she should be ready to accept the consequences. Murder is a crime that involves the loss of innocent life, and that act needs to be right punished. Murderers should not receive an overextended welcome in a prison. Those who commit these serious offenses do not belong in society. Realistically there is no hale argument against the death penalty. If society were to take capitalpunishment away, the public would not have an effective justice system and crimes against innocent people would continue. Opponents of the death sentence need to accept the fac t that capital punishment is fair and just. Using lies and deceit will only go so far. The people of this ground are smart enough to realize the difference between fact and fiction, and the truth is capital punishment works.

Product Life Cycle Essay

INTERNATIONAL PRODUCT LIFE CYCLEThe worldwide product life oscillation is a theoretical model describing how an industry evolves over time and across national borders. This theory also charts the teaching of a companys look ating program when competing on both domestic and foreign fronts. International product life cycle concepts combine economic principles, such as market development and economies of scale, with product life cycle marketing and other standard business models. The four primary elements of the international product life cycle theory ar the structure of the demand for the product, manufacturing, international competition and marketing strategy, and the marketing strategy of the company that invented or innovated the product. These elements are categorized depending on the products defend in the traditional product life cycle. Introduction, growth, maturity, and decline are the stages of the basic product life cycle. During the introduction stage, the product is new and not completely dumb by most consumers. Customers that do understand the product may be willing to pay a higher price for a cutting-edge earnest or service. drudgery is dependent on skilled laborers producing in short runs with rapidly changing manufacturing methods.The innovator markets mostly domestically, occasionally branching out to sell the product to consumers in other essential countries. International competition is usually nonexistent during the introduction stage, but during the growth stage competitors in developed markets engender to copy the product and sell domestically. These competitors may also branch out and begin exporting, often starting with the county that initially innovated the product. The growth stage is also label by an emerging product standard based on mass production. Price wars often begin as the innovator breaks into an increasing amount of developed countries, introducing the product to new and untapped markets. At some point, the produ ct enters the maturity stage of the international product life cycle and even the global grocery store becomes saturated, meaning that almost everyone who would buy the product has bought it, either from the innovating company or one of its competitors. Businesses compete for the remaining consumers through lowered prices and advanced product features. Production is stable, with a focus on cost-cutting manufacturing methods, so that lowered prices may be passed on to value-conscious consumers. Product innovators must guard both foreignand domestic markets from international competition, while finally breaking into riskier developing markets in search of new customers. When the product reaches the decline stage, the innovators may move production into these developing countries in an trend to boost sales and keep costs low. During decline, the product may become obsolete in most developed countries, or the price is driven so low that the market becomes close to 100% saturated.

How is Brutus portrayed as a tragic hero?

Throughout the works of Shakespeare, tr come alongdy has always been a vital foundation and a key to his immense successes. His fine program retrace of the art became legendary amongst the audiences that watched his various playacts. Romeo and Juliet is a prime event of the tragedy he could combine into a stage performance. An Irish poet named Oscar Wilde who was a novelist, dramatic eventtist and connoisseur in the late eighteen hundreds once wrote, There are scarcely two tragedies in life one is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it. This has an exact correlation to the play Julius Caesar where the tragedy lies in the greed of a man who wants too much. This particular play is based entirely upon frightful choices leading to demise. The character Brutus in particular is a key personality to the structure of the play in his fall from honour. Being a man of uttermost(prenominal) glory and loyalty becomes his biggest weakness. In Act 1 chance 2 we are prese nted with the pressure that Cassius weighs upon Brutus mind. In lines 79-80 the truth of Brutus troubles become clear.In the heat of conversation he says What means this shouting? I do fear the people choose Caesar for their king. This is the turning point in the play as the stepping stones cause to fall in place and Brutus reveals to the viewers his deep d avow uncertainty to the decision of Caesar being crowned emperor. Cassius is a very influential force in the corruption of Brutus. The real change of heart for Brutus arrives in Act 2 Scene 1 when he receives the letter (lines 46-47). The play begins to see him question his set and reasons.The true torment of all he has lived for, the honour he based his life upon becomes clear and treachery looms close by. though the letter is simple and only two lines, it sparks the questions needed to be raised in order to get beneath the unwavering loyalties that he is shown to carry. In the lines that read, Brutus, thou sleepst awake. Such instigations have often been droppd where I have took them up (lines 48-49), and, Shall Rome stand under one mans awe? What Rome? (line 52), it is apparent that the few words the letter carried have created query in Brutus mind.The position that Brutus is so appealing to the audience is a mixture of emotions stirred within each person watching the play. It is comprehendible and probable that Shakespeares pipe dream was to connect this character to the everyday temptations and conscientious objecting that every person goes through. Although this has been extremely dramatised, people can familiarise with Brutus predicament as they have at to the lowest degree once in their lives faced a temptation for which they have most probably given in to.In Act 1 Scene 2, lines 82-89 it provides the low-cal fibre in the strength of Brutus loyalty, but also shows the torment inside of this character facing the brutal reality of his own thoughts and feelings, a classic example being, I woul d not, Cassius yet I love him well. It presents the fractured reasoning of the human mind the inability to come to a threatening conclusion against all that has been antecedently believed, a sympathy that everyone has subconsciously acquired through a relation to their own similar experiences. The flaw in the character of Brutus is his own deep thirst for honour.Though this is important in order for the plays theme to coincide with the historical Roman context, it is also a weakness inside the characters personality that was intentionally added to bring the play to a rise in calamity. The character Cassius uses this weakness to an advantage. The deceitful chanceful that the he possesses alone pushes Brutus into seeing a whole different side to his own glory. He begins to build a frame for his motives and starts to press upon himself a preposterous story of the higher nobility. This is entirely proven in the eulogy he gives at Caesars funeral.He speaks of himself in such a manner t hat he even fools himself into believing hes done nothing wrong, specifically shown in Act 3 Scene 2, lines 20-28 where it says, If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. This signifies the fact that Brutus is completely tricked into thinking he did the right thing. Although being far more intelligent than to believe that Cassius is truly trying to bring Rome to justice, he starts to aim the possibility that the treacherous character may have a point.Once again Act 2 Scene 1, line 52 comes into play where he sees a different light on Caesar. Instead of seeing him as a proud but honest ruler, he looks upon him with the eye of Cassius and sees an over wishful ruler with a hunger for power. This weakness was a calculated imperfection on the part of Shakespeare. It is evident that his goal was to produce the suitable factor to manage in order to make Brutus a tragical hero and effectively ut ilise that status to get the audiences emotionally involved in the play.To finalise Brutus tragic hero status, the last component was to have the character die a dramatic death. As most people in Shakespeares lifetime where in the age where they began to appreciate the lifestyles and arts of Ancient Rome, they were well aware of the battle standards and were all to familiar with the classic death on the battle field when a soldier lost his honour. So it was only justice to have Brutus follow the same fate at the end of the play in order to hit office on the audiences interests.The clarity of Brutus misconduct becomes obvious to him when he sees the blood spilt on his behalf and realises the end is near, presented in Act 5 Scene 5, lines 1-51, especially in the line where it says, Sit thee down, Clitus. Slaying is the word it is a deed in fashion. Hark thee, Clitus. (lines 4-5). With this consequence, the audience will be in a deep sympathy because by this stage they have grown to like this character and feel sorry for his poor decisions if Shakespeares methods are convincing and will be enthralled in the drama of his exit, admiring the characters honour even after his descent from valour.In conclusion, the character Brutus is shown as a tragic hero due to a range of reasons. If Shakespeares in judiciousness and intelligent understanding of sympathy and personal familiarities wasnt shown through the play then the audience would not feel the same emotions and therefore would not have see the sorrows or have empathized with Brutus predicaments that he got himself into.Shakespeare plays on the audiences personal tragedies and faults by adding a character mislead by treachery and blinded with the pursuit of an honour that was false from the start. If the audience was not moved by the play, then the character would become wooden and the effect would be obsolete. Brutus human faults of being vulnerable to deceit and cunning are what make this character so lifelik e. The tragedy of this deluded character killing himself at the end of a series of bad consequences brought forth by double-dealing is what makes him such a tragic hero.

Capstone Essay

When we talk about distinguishable types of sentencing the most coming types are perplexing and de end fileinate. They both do the same function unless fork up different out heralds. They are both build to serve as punishments but to to a fault rehabilitate at the same clock. The main difference between these two excoriates is the fact that inconclusive designates offer early release in the form of liberate and kinsfolkical sentences do not. Indeterminate sentences are defined as a sentence that permits early release from a correctional institution after the wrongdoer has served a required minimum portion of his or her sentence (Siegel, 01/2013, p.40). And determinate sentences are defined as sentences that give the defendant a fixed term of years, the maximum train in law by the legislature, which is to be served by the offender sentenced to prison for a particular crime (Siegel, 01/2013, p. 41). Each type of sentencing has its ingest strengths and weakness. Each of which helps the judge correspond which type of sentencing would be best for each situation, for not all situations should be punished equally.The biggest advantage to indeterminate sentencing is that indeterminate sentencing permits flexibility both in the type of sentences that are imposed and the length of succession to be served (Siegel, 01/2003, p. 40). Some more advantages include early release from discard/prison on ground of good behavior, causing there to be less people in the facilities thus helping with the overcrowding issue, rehabilitating, and different people respond very differently to punishments (Portman). A disadvantage to indeterminate sentencing is that it may not deter soulfulnesss from burdenting crimes.If a criminal is only charged 1-5 years for a dose related crime, and pop off outs after only one year due to good behavior, they may feel that what they did was worth the time given and do it once more because a year isnt that long. If this were the case , indeterminate sentences could make the crime rates go back up because the criminals would not see a short sentences as a deterrent. Determinate sentences also have their advantages and disadvantages. Determinate sentencing groundwork scare criminals into no longer committing crimes due to the length of the sentences and not being able to be released on good behavior.When serving a determinate sentence it is a general rule to serve at least 85% of the original sentence and if someone received good credits they may be released early (Sentencing statutes and, 2013), but not a substantial amount of time early. Because of this factor, determinate sentencing can reduce crime rates. If a criminal is sentenced to 25 years under determinate sentencing they must serve 25 years, unless they receive good credits, but keep mum must serve at least 85% of the original sentence. It has already been stated that different people respond to different sentences differently.With this in mind, it is important to determine which type of sentencing, indeterminate or determinant, would be best for each type of individual. Since everyone if different there must me a tenableness why they are different and why different influences require different sentences. For this essay we were asked to discuss which type of sentencing we feel would be most effective at address crime from common chord separate criminological posts trait (psychological/biological) social (structure/process) and deterrence (classical/choice).When you are dealing with psychological/biological reasons as to why and individual is a criminal you analyse to look into their family tree and they way they were raised. Some psychologists believe that some criminals commit crimes because that is dependable simply their personality. Anyone can be lessen a criminal and commit a crime, but you see it more often in individuals that grew up around it. Their parents were and or are criminals. Their friends are criminals. The ir peers are criminals. It is labored to live up to a life better then that when it is all that you know.Sigmund Freud had a theory about personalities. He said that there are three elements of the personality, the id, ego, and superego. The id is the part of the personality that you have at birth. It is the part that makes you desire for the most basic of things. The id is driven by the pleasure principle, which strives for immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and needs. If these needs are not quelled immediately, the result is a state anxiety or tension (Cherry, 2014). The next part of the ego that Mr. Freud discusses is the ego. The ego is the part of the moral part of the personality.The part that deems what is near and wrong within the eyes of society and yourself. If your ego is not fully developed then you will not be able to stop yourself from the impulses that come from your id. Meaning that if crime is ingrained into their minds then they will have impulses to commit crimes. If they do not fulfill these urges then the urge will build to the point where they end up committing a more serious crime then they would have in the first place. The underlying issue could be part of the reason our systems repeat offenders are repeat offenders.The sentence model that I feel would work best in addressing the psychological and biological criminological perspectives would be determinate sentencing. If an individual has the natural impulse to commit a crime and an underdeveloped ego to pr raset them from committing the crime then there is no amount of time that will help them get better. There is a saying that you cannot teach old dogs new tricks. That saying goes with some criminals there are some that you incisively cannot rehabilitate. So determinate sentencing would keep they away from them public and stop them from committing a crime for a longer period of time.Everyone has a stigma against people that come from the ghetto. They think that they a re good for nothing poor people that cant get by so they resort to crime. And sometimes this is the case, sometimes its not. There is a reason that a stereotype is a stereotype. It has some underlying truth. It is true that some people are criminals because they really do feel that they cannot get by on a day-to-day basis with an honest job, and if they could they dont think that they would qualify for one. So what do they do? They start to steal, sell drugs, and even sell their bodies or join a gang.But not everyone in the ghetto is like that. Some work very hard to make a living, but it just isnt enough to get them out of that environment. According to Shanali Inchaustegui When you look at the theory, the strains might not necessarily come from peoples frustrations with acquiring The American Dream, but rather a mixture in strains such as homelessness, abuse and neglect, subcultures, deviant values and frustrations about poverty. Meaning, there might be more than one factor in pla y when a person is influenced to commit a crime by interacting within an imposed economic class.Many things within society, your social surroundings, can make someone commit a crime. People from this criminological perspective someone can recover and learn from their actions if given the opportunity. Because of this I feel that indeterminate sentencing would be best. With indeterminate sentencing someone can be released early due to good behavior. During that time the said individual would have had the opportunity to learn from their mistakes, acquire an education, and be given opportunities that will give them a new a better life. The last criminological perspective is classical/choice (deterrent).From this perspective criminals are individuals that commit a crime for no other reason then they choose to do it. They under base the risks associated with the crime but choose to go through with it anyways. Classical and choice perspectives are very similar to one another. Choice is wh en individuals choose to commit a crime after looking at all the opportunities and decided if the crime is worth the punishment or not. Classic is almost identical to choice withdraw after weighing the wefts they decided to commit the crime because it was advantageous to do so (Criminology, 2014).You need to be assertive when dealing with criminals that have decided to commit a crime knowing full well that it is wrong and that they have options or avenues other then committing a crime to get what they need and or want. If you are not assertive with them then they will think that its really not that big of a deal and that they will be able to get away with it time and time again. With choice and classical perspectives I feel that that determinant sentences would be the best option. It shows the criminals that the law is taking a zero security deposit stand against crime.Determinate sentences will make them think twice before they commit the crime because they will know that if the y are convicted they are guaranteed a set amount of time behind bars. Both indeterminate and determinate sentences have their place in the legal system. Whether one is better then the other is hard to say. Indeterminate sentences allow for early release for good behavior where as determinate does not. Determinate sentencing, however, does allow for good credits to be applied to their sentence so they can be released early, but they must complete at least 85% of their sentence.So they both have that up spot. A down side to indeterminate sentencing that two different people that commit the same crime can get two different sentences. For example one may just get a fine and community service while the other could get 5 years jail time. To me that isnt fair, unless there is an underlining reason as to why someone getting a harsher sentence like being in trouble with the law before. Determinate sentences give the same amount of time regardless. This could also been seen as unfair because regardless of your past you are goingto get the same amount of time. I personally feel that determinate sentencing is the option that is most likely going to deter more crime. It makes the criminals know what their sentence is going to be if convicted. They know that if they get caught, charged, and convicted they are going to have to serve that amount of time and or pay a certain amount of a fine. And with indeterminate sentences they have a chance at lesser punishment. I really think that determinate sentences would deter more crime then indeterminate sentences. References

Why Was Stormont Dissolved in 1972?

Why was Stormont Dissolved in 1972? Eighty- seven years have passed and partition within Ireland still remains the islands defining feature. Since the six county coarse of blue Ireland was formed under the umbrella organisation of the United Kingdom in 1921, blue Ireland has experienced two periods of its history that are so extreme in their differences. For the first fifty or so years of nitrogenern Irelands beingness the situation between both sides of the all in alliance, the Protestants and the Catholics was pacifist(prenominal) and there was genuinely little hostility or violence between them. Yankee Ireland was essentially governed by peaceful co- existence as the government at Stormont ruled with relative ease. However, towards the late 1960s, the history of Northern Ireland changed, as what was to become the darkest period in the countrys short history, the Troubles, ensued between the Protestant and Catholic sides of the community and threatened to destroy Northern Ireland.In a period that lasted around thirty years, Northern Ireland became a war zone, characterised by bombings, cracks and sectarian violence as the two communities fought to defend their beliefs and protect one a nonher from the so- called other side. However it is the first iii years of the Troubles, from 1969- 1972 and the dissolution off Stormont that will be the focus of this essay. The dissolution off Stormont in 1972 ended fifty years of Home Rule in the province and led to over two decades of Direct Rule from Westminster.But why was Stormont dissolved in 1972? In this essay I will assist this question but it is important to note that there is no single reason why. The dissolution off Stormont was a multi- causal event brought about, by what I see, as five key causes the mishaps of the trade unionist Government to reform and control security the formation of the provisional IRA (PIRA) and its escalation of violence Internment and the subsequent PIRA take a hop the formation of the UDA and its agreementatic killing programme and finally Bloody Sunday and its race.The failures of the unionist governments to provide sufficient reform, satisfying to both sides and their failure to control the security situation within Northern Ireland from 1969- 1972 was an important factor in the eventual dissolution of Stormont in 1972. During the latter part of Terence ONeills premiership the failure of unionism was on the cards, even then, as his attempted five oint programme of reforms was greeted with scepticism by both unionists and nationalists and the Paisleyites were fired by what was seen as a concession to militant pressurewhile others- as events demonstrated- dictum notwithstanding a mixture of weakness and begrudgery. 1 In February 1969, ONeills failure to fixate an indisputable mandate showed that the collapse of unionism was beginning to develop because as he suggested, old prejudices were too strong for pot to break out of the retch of sec tarian politics once and for all,2 His successor James Chichester- Clark inherited what was a difficult situation, that became worse during the marching season of 1969.The failure of the unionist government to successfully control security and the devastating riots, which spread to Belfast following the annual Apprentice Boys demonstration in Derry in August, showed just how incapable(p) they were of protecting the people of Northern Ireland and forced Chichester- Clark to request the support of the British military. This was a humiliation, and it underlined the failure of the Stormont establishment to deal with either the policy-making or the policing challenges of the common uprising that was occurring the decision transmited a military dimension to the complete financial dependence of the regime on London, and thus paved the way for direct rule. 3The army was a last desperate measure and although welcomed by Catholics at the beginning, the GOC Lieutenant- general Sir Ian Fre eland warned that the Honeymoon period between troops and local people is likely to be short lived. 4 Indeed it was as Catholics lost faith in the armys ability to protect them, due to the failure to ban the 1970 Orange parades, and the coarse arms search and curfew of the Lower Falls Road and directed their support towards the increasingly more militant PIRA. 5 By bringing in the British army, the Unionist Government aroused great fear and passionand many Catholics believed that the Unionists had neither the will nor the capacity to make the changes the British Government proposed, therefore alienating the national community and gave fuel to the PIRAs rise because of its inability to bring in reforms that would have a positive affect on them. 6 Together with an inability of the unionist party to rule itself, as a vote of no confidence by the Unionist Party executive in the Governments uprightness and order policies illustrated in 1970, these factors showed the weak and futile na ture of the unionist Government. Further more, alongside later factors which will be discussed later in the essay, such as Internment, these unionist failures helped to pave the way for Stormont to be dissolved in 1972. The formation of PIRA in 1970 turn up to be a major d inducefall of Stormont.The nationalist community left alienated and feeling unsafe under the Stormont administration increasingly turned their support to Sean MacStiofain and the PIRA and its military policies allowing it to gain momentum in its aims, to provide all possible assistance to or people in the North, left defenceless against the violence of sectarian bigots and free the Irish people from British rule. 7 The strategy of PIRA was in three phases, designed to eventually bring about the eventual overthrow of British rule in Northern Ireland.Phase one was of a stringently defensive nature, avoiding confrontation with the army and providing material, financial and training assistance for Northern PIRA unit s. 8 As soon as it became feasible and practical, the Provisional IRA would move from a purely defensive position to a phase of combined defence and retaliation. 9 The final phase, therefore, was launching an all- out offensive action against the British occupation system. 10 The PIRA came into action after Orange Order parades in June 1970, which Catholics saw as a demonstration of Protestant power. 11 The riots which followed saw the killing of five Protestants by the PIRA. Unfortunately for the people of Northern Ireland, the Falls Road curfew imposed by the Chichester- Clark government following this PIRA involvement only served to increase the paramilitary movements support base and lose support for the British army and it led to the escalation of violence within the province. The PIRAs campaign was stepped up from the bombing of economic targets to attacks on British army personnel and on February 6th 1971 the first member of the regular British army was killed. 12 The violenc e only escalated further during 1971, as the Stormont administration struggled to cope with the unprecedented ferocity of the PIRAs violence. By July 55 people had died violently In the first seven months of 1971 there were over 300 explosions and 320 shooting incidents, which heaped an enormous amount of pressure upon Stormont, that it ultimately was not able to cope with and as we will see later in the essay this led mental capacity Faulkner to undertake what became one of the defining nails in the coffin of Stormont, the entry of Internment. 13 The aspect that strikes you the most about Internment is the scale on which it was a failure, not to mention just how bias it was. It was a major blunder by the Unionist Government under Brian Faulkner because it failed to bring about the seizure of the leading members of the Provisional IRA simply because it lacked the necessary and relevant intelligence that was needed. Internment was entirely one- sided. No attempt was made to arrest loyalist suspects despite the UVFs present of violenceThere was not a single person on the armys list of 452 names who was not an anti- partionist. 14 The result of Internment was large alienation among the minority, and mounting enthusiasm for the PIRA. It exacerbated the levels of political violence within the region as from 1 January to 8 August 1971, thirty- four people had been killedbut from the introduction of Internment until the end of the year139 people died as a result of political violence. 15 Internment also underpinned the SDLPs boycott of Stormont, and therefore destroyed Faulkners very tentative move towards power- sharing. 16 It was a world- wide disaster for unionism. It portrayed unionism as being sectarian and bias and brought the collapse of Stormont into its home straight as PIRA lashed out against it with a ruthless offensive. During August 1971 there were 131 bomb attacks, 196 in September and 117 in October. It seemed that the PIRA was making a concerted a ttempt to destroy Northern Irelands economy, with the short- term aim of drawing the security forces away from Catholic enclaves and the long- term objective of forcing Britain to abandon the region. 17 It seemed to be working as the economy was only rising by one percent in 1971 and British opinion was that it was willing to ditch Northern Ireland. The PIRA were it seemed successfully bringing about the British climb-down from the region. The protestant reaction to this enormous offensive being carried out by the PIRA was to fight fire with fire, as they formed their own paramilitary group, the Ulster Defence sleeper (UDA).The formation of the UDA in September 1971 was the crystallisation of the fears of working- class Protestants, who believed that the threat which the PIRA posed was too great and was not being dealt with by Stormont or Westminster. Instead they saw both governments as giving in to Nationalist pressure and giving them too many concessions. Just like Republican p aramilitarism, the growth of loyalist paramilitarism was cerebrate to the increasing levels of violence and the perception that the security forces could not contain violent republicanism. 18 The Unionist community did not feel safe or protected by the Unionist Government under Faulkner, and like Nationalists sought protection from a paramilitary organisation that could fight the PIRA. At the same time, however, the UDAs formation served to add to the already hostile situation that was raging within Northern Ireland and as a result put another nail into the coffin of the Stormont administration. By presently Direct Rule was inevitable, and it was a question of when not if it would be introduced.The UDAs formation and systematic outbreak of violence did nothing but heighten the accent between the Protestant and Catholic sides of the religious divide. The UDAs long- term aim was the DEFENCE of ULSTER against ALL who would destroy her its short- term aims were the restoration of law and order to all(prenominal) street in N. Ireland, to prevent further disintegration of our society, and to begin rebuilding our Community both materially and spiritually. 19Throughout late 1971 and 1972, when it killed over one hundred Catholics, who were seen as being disloyal to Northern Ireland, the UDA, along with around another forty loyalist paramilitary groups carried out unplanned and usually spontaneous and unjustified attacks upon Catholics in a response to the IRAs campaign of violence. As a result the violence within the province reached an all time high picture gallery into 1972, widely considered to be the worst year of the Troubles.This violence came to a head on the 30th January 1972, or Bloody Sunday as it is known. It was this day and its aftermath that would become the final nail in the coffin of the Stormont administration. By the end of 1971 Northern Ireland was in danger of disintegrating into a state of anarchy due to the failures and break- up of the tradi tional unionist party, the alienation of the SDLP, and the growth of the PIRA and the Protestant paramilitaries. 20 With Northern Ireland entirely reliant upon the security forces of the British Government in 1972, the reality of just how committed it was in the province was beginning to hit Britain. The events of Bloody Sunday brought home both the extent of this involvement and the price being paid. 21 After thirteen people were shot dead by the army in the Bogside area, Nationalist and Catholic Ireland exploded with anger. For the first time, the South ecame emotionally involved in the crisis occurring in the North and indeed it became occasionally violent (the British embassy in Dublin was burnt down on 5th February 1972). The PIRA and the Official IRA (OIRA) began a violent and bloody bombing campaign in both Northern Ireland and mainland Britain, as it bombed the officers mess of the 16th Parachute Brigade at Aldershot on 23rd February 1972 as hearty as the crowded Abercorn restaurant in Belfast on 4th March 1972, one of the cruellest of many violent incidents that took place in the country. 22 Such incidents, proved to be the final straw for the British Government, after what had been a disastrous three years for both Stormont and Westminster. Northern Ireland was a war zone, incapable of thought itself and Britain recognised this, declaring an end to Home Rule on 24th March 1972. Alvin Jackson asks the question, Why did Stormont fail? and although the question might seem irrelevant given(p) what precedes it, it is still important to sum up just why it happened and what the main causes were. In his book Ireland 1798- 1998 Politics and War, Jackson concludes that in terms of immediate causes, Stormont failed because it was no longer compatible with the exigencies of British policy , and because it showed no signs of being able to cope with the street violence and organized terror.In the longer term, it had been unable(p) to represent any other tha n Unionist opinion, and had been at best grudging towards Catholic aspirations. 23 The Stormont administration under Unionism was quite simply incapable of organising its own security, as its decision to request the support of the British army in 1969 showed, and it was entirely one sided, as policies such as Internment showed (a policy that had a massive part to play in the failure of torment. Along with these causes, the rise of the UDA and other loyalist paramilitaries and the events of Bloody Sunday contributed largely to its failing, by creating more political violence and alienating the Nationalist community further. However, perhaps, the underlying causewas Irish Nationalism. 24 doubting Thomas Hennessey writes that the single most disastrous decision that produced the next two and a half decades of conflict was the decision of the PIRAs Army Council in January 1970 to begin a war- their war- against the British state. 25 In many ways, Hennessey is totally correct, for had it not been for the bombings and killings of the PIRA within Northern Ireland, then Stormont may well have survived because it would not have had to rule a country that was virtually in a civil war, a country that was in effect untenable. 1 Alvin Jackson, Ireland 1798-1998Politics and War (Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 1999) p373 2 Diarmaid Ferriter, The Transformation of Ireland 1900-2000 (Profile Books Ltd. Great Britain, 2004) p620 3 Alvin Jackson, Ireland 1798-1998 Politics and War (Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 1999) p374 4 Jonathan Bardon, A tarradiddle of Ulster (The Blackstaff Press, Belfast, 1992) p672 5 Thomas Hennessey, A History of Northern Ireland 1920-1996 (Gill & Macmillan, Dublin, 1997) p174 6 atomic number 1 Kelly, How Stormont Fell in John Magee, Northern Ireland Crisis and Conflict (Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, London, 1974 ) p121 7 Thomas Hennessey, A History of Northern Ireland 1920-1996 (Gill & Macmillan, Dublin, 1997) p173 8 Ibid p173 9 Ibid p173 10 Ibidp173 1 1 John Whyte, Interpreting Northern Ireland (Oxford University Press, New York, 1990) p31 12 Thomas Hennessey, A History of Northern Ireland 1920-1996 (Gill & Macmillan, Dublin, 1997) p175 13 Ibid p193 14 Jonathan Bardon, A History of Ulster (The Blackstaff Press, Belfast, 1992) p682 15 Patrick Buckland, A History of Northern Ireland (Gill & Macmillan, Dublin, 1981) p156 16 Alvin Jackson, Ireland 1798-1998 Politics and War (Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 1999) p376 17 Jonathan Bardon, A History of Ulster (The Blackstaff Press, Belfast, 1992) p685 18 Thomas Hennessey, A History of Northern Ireland 1920-1996 (Gill & Macmillan, Dublin, 1997) p201 19 Ibid p201 20 Patrick Buckland, A History of Northern Ireland (Gill & Macmillan, Dublin, 1981) p156 21 Ibid p156 22 Ibid p157 23 Alvin Jackson, Ireland 1798-1998 Politics and War (Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 1999) p376 24 Thomas Hennessey, Northern Ireland The Origins of the Troubles (Gill and Macmillan Ltd, Dublin, 2005) p385 25 Ibid p394

Elevator Speech Draft

Elevator Speech Audience Diana Gale Purpose To outline strategies for developing a publicly supported abandonland augment policy Seattle moulder utility faces a challenging new mission not only is the agency t asked with its previous responsibility of delivering waste worry services, it is now assign ked with developing waste management policy. With the approaching deadline to Rene w the contract with the King County landfill, the utility is faced with an opportunity to recon mend a new longer waste management policy.You have already accomplished a great deal by building SSW into an organize Zion that can be effective in developing policy, but local organizations, politicians and meme beers of the public have strong, competing perspectives about waste management in Seat tale. In addition, confidence in Saws ability to inspire a policy is low. Under these conditions, it is best if SSW does not make a recommendation a bout a longer waste management policy al wizard. Instead, you sh ould engage key organization s and individuals whose support could strengthen Saws legitimacy.TO determine a longer asset disposal policy, we recommend that you pursue one of two participator decommissioning processes the first includes the the public, along with local p Laotians and administrators. If time constraints allow, we feel that this is your best bet to in crease Saws legitimacy and gain support and cooperation for the policy. The back up excels vilely includes local politicians and administrators. This second process would increase the u utility legitimacy on a more limited level, but may be preferable if time constraints prevent you from pursuing the more inclusive process.

Good Health Essay

It is common to hear people talking about the state of their health. Some say they are in technical health, while others talk about their ill health or that of others. But what exactly is good heath and how do we know when we are experiencing it? This article takes a look at that aspect of our lives and explains it in simple terms. entire HealthWhen we are enjoying good health, we find good, we look good with a good health image and everything about our lives seems to be going well with no major upsets. It means we have plenty of energy to do the things we want to do and we feel happy and contented with our ability to do those things.There is no pain or feeling of stiffness in our body and we are able to performance freely every day if we wish. Often, when we are in good health it is common to be more active and exercise forms part of the days activities. When we are free of pain, we are able to do a lot more and we feel motivated to do a lot more than when we are experiencing pain. So maintaining a good level of health is important to our lives because it means the absence of pain totally or at least for the majority of the time. Promoting Good HealthSo what stooge we do to promote good health? There are lots of things we can do and similarly lots of things we should overturn doing.We should off sure we eat a healthy diet, because we are what we eat and when we only put good things into our bodies, those bodies respond by simply being in better health. That includes healthy meals made up of fresh ingredients as well as any healthy snacks we may want to eat during the day.We should exercise and be active every day, getting plenty of fresh air outdoors and sunshine. Fresh air boosts our energy levels while natural daylight and sunshine boosts our mood, makes us feel happier and also boosts our bodies ability to manufacture its own vitamin D. If we live in a city, we should make a point of getting into the countryside as often as possible to get fresher air and avoid all the pollutants that city air generally tends to have. We should try and be as happy as we can be, facing life with a positive, upbeat attitude and try not to let stress into our lives.We should avoid living a sedentary lifestyle and make sure we get up off the chair as often as we can. Avoiding foods that are processed, contain ligh levels of refined sweeten and refined white dredge as well as those that contain artificial additives. That usually means eating only fresh produce, fresh fruit and vegetables along with lean substance and fish (if we are not vegetarian), nuts, seeds, legumes and some dairy produce, although this should be kept to a minimum. We should also avoid drinking soda and flavored drinks because of the dangerous levels of refined sugar and/or artificial sweeteners and other additives. Alcohol consumption should be moderate and smoking is a totally bad idea.If we can use our common star and make sure we live as healthily as we can, then we sh ould enjoy a far better level of health. If we can also forestall stress levels down and stay happy, our health will reflect our mood and we will have a longer, happier and healthier life.

Strip Malls: Causes of Failure and Success

DNSI 375 see THEORY AND RESEARCH Introduction and publications Review You chip in a great start on the literature review. I would spend a little bit to a greater extent(prenominal) time on the unveiling and conclusion. The introduction should be to a greater extent persuasive and rotter be referenced (see my comments below). 17/20 shift M eachs Causes of Failure and Success Introduction With the economic downturn, businesses argon suffering greatly and closing rapidly because of this it is fundamental to figure out guidances to reduce these closings and help companies prosper. One business type that has seen drastic closings is the rifle sum.While explore suggests that location, frontal send off, greenery, anchor retentivitys, gunstock offerings and some other eviscerateions pull in much to a greater extent stem traffic than malls who argon missing these features (source), strip mall abandonment is still a huge enigma in the United nominates. We book to wonder why so much unexampled strip mall construction is occurring without the implementation of these features, or if they are why are they still failing? The purpose of this research field of battle is to determine how facade design, location, and transshipment center offerings in strip malls impress node shop behaviors.This contain is important to determine how society as a whole groundwork become more sustainable by keeping impudent construction down and reviving failed strip malls and making them a success. Literature Review stance and Attraction to Strip Malls **(Anchor store in deviseation can be added here as an attraction) When it comes to strip malls, location is a key factor in determining where soul chooses to shop, and often outer space alone is non enough to determine the success of a strip mall. Though location plays a key role in terms of proximity to its customers, e. . , nearness to main roads, brace a motion time, and population congestion, customer psycho logy plays a key role in determining whether the trip is worth it (Rajagpal, 2009). The distance a customer is resulting to decease is determined by several factors of the shop experience customer loyalty, ergonomics, pass judgment/post-buying atonement, and multichannel retail strategies (Rajagpal 2009). Customer loyalty is built primarily through a stores overall business sticker, and is expressed in strip malls by those individual stores uph overageding those values.If a customer finds the goods and services provided to be what they expected, they leave behind continue to shop at that store with distance and location being a token(prenominal) factor. The ergonomics of a store refers to ones exponent to playact around a store with pleasing ergonomics will enhance the customers experience and encourage them to return. Expected/post-buying satisfaction refers to the discrepancies between a someones perceived experience when shopping before they go into the store and the actual experience as they leave.Expected satisfaction can be a strong motivator for someone to visit a certain strip if theyve heard the way their friends ranted and raved to the highest degree the experience, they will be more impulsely to visit, but if their post-buying satisfaction is not what is expected, they may not return. A multichannel retail strategy is the way that a store, or strip mall, chooses to route a customer to make the most of their spending habits. In individual stores this may mean strategically placing impulse buys along a customers cart track of travel (Rajagpal 2009).When applied to the strip, it refers to the way the architect has chosen to route the shopper through the center. Of the four factors listed, this is easily the biggest design factor determining the distance customers are impulsive to travel because it affects the overall experience that the customer will engage. For example, a strip in a square or L shape encourages people to walk along the length of the strip, backtracking to stores they saw before, where a simple line offers fewer options and ends abruptly.Customers are naturally attracted to strips that they have easy access to, but their loving milieus determine the ease of access. The early development of strip malls came about in the 19th century with the idea of a main street as a shopping destination along main street shops were placed within walking distance of each other. However, this model has not changed or adapted very well over time and while this design is piteous in suburban strip malls, where the linear progression takes you in a single direction kinda than encouraging a casual hopper to explore, it is detrimental in urban vault of heavens where the original strips existed. For example, the Los Angeles urban strips are close to and have easy access to a potential shopping base, but the social milieu discourages shopping. As the city expanded, the area around these strips became home to low-i ncome caparison, and the public areas were quickly taken over. The population of the area that was surveyed showed a strong desire to use the space, but noted much(prenominal) hazards as gang exercise and a distinct lack of comfort for pedestrians (Loukaiton-Staris, 1997).Largely the people in Loukaiton-Stariss study wanted a place that was pedestrian friendly, incorporating things such as seating and greenery, in addition to larger walkways and space for stem traffic. Pedestrian-friendly strips serve as a major attraction to customers, and the design of these heavily influence consumers in their shopping choice. Referring to a strip as pedestrian-friendly typically referes to (Loukaiton-Staris, 1997) * Allowances for adequate foot traffic * Allowances for seating Greenery and other visual attractions Strips that incorporate these things, particularly greenery are make believen a purify chance of financial survival with the attraction of more customers and businesses strips with greater greenery were able to charge higher rent, and shoppers indicated that they would be willing to pay more at these more attractive strip malls (Wolf, 2009). From the customers standpoint, greenery poses more interest in a pedestrian area rather than a strip mall dominated by the set clustering due to wayfinding (Wolf, 2009).A shopper whos allowed to take their time and wander through a strip is allowed a certain amount of interaction with their surroundings whereas a strip without this conniption can find itself hindered by greenery obscuring the signs. In addition, the amount of greenery affects the amount of time a person is willing to spend in a strip mall, as is indicated on the chart below taken from Strip Malls, City Trees, and Comm union Values, where people were shown pictures and asked to predict their behavior based on the strip malls shown. Location is and store choice is a complex marketing decision however, the istance a customer is willing to travel to the strip is influences in no small part by its design. This is a factor of ergonomics, multichannel research strategies, pedestrian-friendly travel and greenery. All of these raise to the attractiveness of the strip mall and so its success. **(Discuss greenery research to follow into out(prenominal) Facade)** Exterior Facade The out(prenominal) facade of a store is another very important aspect of a strip malls attractiveness and is important to cover when determining what influences consumers behaviors.The facade of a store is the first thing a customer sees and generates the first spirit of the store (Yuksel, 2009). First impressions are as important to the experience as the stores disposition to the success or failure of a store. A survey conducted by Retail Consumer Experience light upon some of the views that consumers have on building facades. In the survey it was found that 96% of people consider the businesses appearance somewhat or extremely important (Retail Consu mer Experience, 2011).In addition, it was also found that 52% of people determined not to enter a store because it looked dirty from the outside and 11% because it looked outdated or old from the outside (Retail Consumer Experience, 2011). It is also found that color of the facade can determine the consumers experience. When examining if colors have an effect on behaviors it was found that even though the crowd level was the same, customers perceived that the blue exterior building had less crowding than the orange exterior building (Yuksel, 2009).While the colors of individual facades is often a matter of the stores personal brand, the color of the building could potentially have an effect on consumer behavior. Although some research has been done on facade design we need to get a better understanding of how much it affects the consumers experience and what about the exterior facade is pleasing or unpleasing. Community particular date *(It might be nice to go into detail about wh at went wrong with the public housing possibility to help show exactly why lack of fraternity engagement is an issue)Instead of adding density to existing environments, contemporary cities have a decentralized pattern of growth (Rowe, 1991). Most new growth occurs in the bordering layer of undeveloped land outside of the existing suburbs. Because of this continuous development, there are more and more paved areas corresponding highways and parking lots and less and less untouched countryside. Suburban sprawl leads to all kinds of unintended environmental consequences, mostly related to the lack of walkability. Life in sprawl developments demands up to cardinal times as much driving as in high-density urban areas (Surface, 2000).This means that there is more air pollution in sprawl areas. Pollutants in the air, including nitrates and sulphates emitted from road traffic, construction, and industry, is linked to health problems such as stroke, cognitive decline, and heart attack ( Devi, 2012). Road runoff of automobile oils and battery metals and road salt contribute to water pollution and may affect public health (Surface, 2000). Shopping centers in suburban areas are not as conducive to pedestrians as they are to automobiles, which means that for pedestrians there is little sense of safeguard when walking to and from different stores.In addition, when stores go out of business and buildings are abandoned, they become a hotspot for squatters and vandals, start crime into the fraternity. A study conducted by John Dimitriou (2001), states that the quality of place in American suburbs inhibits peoples ability to have a sense of ownership and connection to the place they live because the physical design of the environment has repellant and disengaging characteristics (Dimitriou, 2001, p. 7). The confused organization and ugliness of the built environment pushes people out-of-door and makes them feel like outsiders in their own towns (Dimitriou, 2001, p. 6). This results in a sense of isolation and lack of community engagement. Suburban settlement is driven by a popular desire to live on the countryside to satisfy a persons affinity for natural open spaces, fresh air, and lower populations. But people also want to have access to the culture and opportunity provided by a city. The suburban ideal is to have the scoop up of both worlds by unifying town and country (Dimitriou, 2001, p. 10). However, as more and more people move to the suburbs, the country-living characteristics fade and the area becomes more like a city in terms of services and social problems.This leads to a continuous outward spread of housing developments in search of natural open spaces. The housing developments are followed by shopping centers dispersed throughout the area. These shopping centers are characterized by sprawling parking lots and bland, repetitive architecture. The utilitarian design of strip malls does not encourage people in the community to cultivat e a sense of connection or engagement with the shopping center. The dispersed locations of the buildings are disorienting, and comfort a dependence on automobiles. Why would anyone want to feel connected to something confusing and ugly? ripe(p) design can enhance a persons sense of belonging to a community by creating a place that they are proud to be associated with. Dimitriou suggests that if new development is focused on existing suburban centers we can improve the quality of place and reduce dependence on nonpublic automobiles. This study focuses on densification of suburban commercial centers. Dimitriou proposes broad planning solutions so that whole communities served by a particular strip center could potentially be unified through their attachment to a place. A great way to foster attachment to a place is by enhancing its sense of history.This can be accomplished by adding to the existing built environment, rather than demolishing structures, to preserve remnants of old bu ildings that give clues to the former life of a place (Dimitriou, 2001, p. 27). He also proposes to reorganize strip malls to include more pedestrian friendly elements and public spaces. For example, he suggests forming continuities and connections between specific places to give the area more unity and accessibility and establishing focal points in the form of public spaces or specific buildings to organize navigation (Dimitriou, 2001, p. 27). (Along with attractions I found a study on how actual attractions, movie theaters, restaurants, roller coasters, etc. Also bring in more foot traffic helping out store sales) LETS maunder ABOUT PARKING. The most common argument in opposition to a more downtown like pedestrian friendly atmosphere is the relative lack of parking. Parking lots are also what make strip malls so unengaging and ugly. People complain about parking a couple of blocks away from a downtown store but will walk across a huge parking lot (not to mention the size of the mall) to get to their desired destination in the mall.Conclusion Our research will focus on four specific areas related to strip mall design facade design, greenery, pedestrian-friendliness, and entertainment attractions such as movie theaters, restaurants, and public gathering spaces. We will look at how each of these factors affects the success of strip malls. Our design is to come up with design solutions that will help existing strip malls attract and retain customers. These solutions will aim at improving upon the existing built environment instead of demolishing structures and building new ones.This suburban renewal concept is more environmentally friendly and will hopefully engender a sense of history, community and pride in suburban shopping centers. **We also need to add pictures and/or graphs from previous studies REFERENCES Rowe, P. (1991). Making a middle landscape. Cambridge, Massachusetts The MIT Press. Surface Transportation Policy Project (2000). baseborn streets 2 000 Pedestrian, health, and federal transportation spending. Washington, DC Author. Devi, S. (2012). New studies cast dark cloud over air pollution. The lancet arch 379. 9817 697. The Lancet. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. . Dimitriou, George John. Suburban Revisions Redesigning Suburban Strip Malls. 2001. Print. Roajagopal. (2011). Determinants of shopping behavior of urban consumers. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 23 (2), 83-104. Loukaitou-Sidiris, A. (1997). Inner-City commercial strips Evolutioin, decay retrofit? Town Planning Review, 68 (1), 1-29. Wolf, K. (2009). Strip malls, city trees, and community values. Aboriculture and urban Forestry, 35 (1) 33-40. Irwin, Elana. Study Shows Urban Sprawl Continues To Gobble Up Land. OSU Research News Index Page. Ohio State University, 17 Dec. 2007. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. . * * Alternate Introduction * Suburban sprawl has long since taken over much of Americas scenic countryside and continues to spread further and further from center citie s. More people have jobs in suburban areas, or are telecommuting, and no longer have the need or desire to live close to the major cities (Irwin, 2007). People are also being drawn further away from cities by natural amenities in rural areas such as lakes, oceans, forests or mountains (Irwin, 2007).This desire to be closer to nature, however, does not supersede the desire to have easy access to man-made amenities such as restaurants, movie theaters, and shopping centers. The commercial sprawl that follows the residential sprawl often comes in the form of blandly designed strip malls with massive desert-like parking lots. Aside from the store selection, there is nothing to attract customers and encourage them to spend more time in the shopping center. When stores go out of business or move to a more attractive location, the strip malls often remain vacant and become not only eyesores but burdens on the community.Although strip mall abandonment is a known problem in the United States, more strip malls are being constructed all the time and the cycle continues repeating itself. This study seeks to discover how suburban society can become more sustainable by keeping new construction down and reviving failed strip malls and making them a success. Research suggests that location, facade design, greenery, anchor stores, store offerings and other attractions are all factors that draw in customers. The purpose of this research study is to determine how these factors affect customer shopping behavior. *

African Literature Essay

Despite the ignorance of most so called literati to the domain of African literature, African literature in detail is one of the main currents of world literature, stretching continuously and directly back to ancient history. Achebe did not create mentally African Literature, because he himself was inundated with it as an African. He simply made more than people aw be(predicate) of it. The Beginnings of African Literature The first African literature is circa 2300-2100, when ancient Egyptians begin using burial texts to come with their dead. These include the first written accounts of creation the Memphite Declaration of Deities.Not only that, but papyrus, from which we bob up our word for paper, was invented by the Egyptians, and writing flourished. In contrast, Sub-Saharan Africa feature a vibrant and varied literal culture. To take into account written literary culture without considering literary culture is definitely a mistake, because they twain interplay heavily with each other. African oral arts are arts for lifes sake (Mukere) not European arts for arts sake, and so may be considered foreign and strange by European readers. However, they provide useful knowledge, historical knowledge, ethical wisdom, and fanciful stimuli in a direct fashion.Oral culture takes many forms proverbs and riddles, epic narratives, oration and personal testimony, encomium poetry and songs, chants and rituals, stories, legends and folk tales. This is present in the many proverbs told in Things Fall Apart, and the rich cultural accent of that book also is typically African. The earlier written Sub-Saharan Literature (1520) is heavily influenced by Muslim literature. The earliest example of this is the anonymous history of the city-state of Kilwa Kisiwani. The first African history, History of the Sudan, is written by Abd al-Rahman al-Sadi in Arabic style.Traveling performers, called griots, kept the oral tradition alive, especially the legends of the Empire of Mali . In 1728 the earliest written Swahili give out,Utendi wa Tambuka borrows heavily from Muslim tradition. However, there are little to no Islamic presence in Things Fall Apart. The Period of Colonization With the period of Colonization, African oral traditions and written works came down the stairs a serious outside threat. Europeans, justifying themselves with the Christian ethics, tried to destroy the pagan and primitive culture of the Africans, to get birth them more pliable slaves.However, African Literature survived this concerted attack. In 1789, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustava Vassa was the first slave narrative to be published. Kidnapped from Nigeria, this Ibo man wrote his autobiography in Great Britain in English, and uniform Achebe used his narrative as a platform to attack the injustices of slavery and cultural destruction. Back in Africa, Swahili poetry threw off the dominating influence of Islam and reverted back to inherent B antu forms. One exemplar of this was Utendi wa Inkishafi (Souls Awakening), a poem detailing the vanity of earthly life.The Europeans, by bringing journalism and establishment schools to Africa, helped further the development of literature. Local newspapers abounded, and often they featured sections of local African poetry and short stories. piece originally these fell close to the European form, slowly they broke away and became more and more African in nature. One of these writers was Oliver Schreiner, whose novel Story of an African Farm (1883) is considered the first African classic summary of racial and sexual issues.Other notable writers, much(prenominal) as Samuel Mqhayi and Thomas Mofolo begin portraying Africans as complex and human characters. Achebe was highly influenced by these writers in their human portrayal of both sides of colonization. Emerging from capital of France in the 1920s and 1930s, the negritude movement established itself as one of the premiere liter ary movements of its clock time. It was a communicative African search for identity, which ofcourse took them back to their roots in Africa. Africa was made into a metaphorical antipode to Europe, a gold age utopia, and was often represented allegorically as a woman.In a 1967 interview, Cesaire explained We lived in an aureole of rejection, and we developed an inferiority complex. The desire to establish an identity begins with a concrete consciousness of what we arethat we are black . . . and have a history. . . that there have been beautiful and important black civilizationsthat its determine were values that could still make an important contribution to the world. Leopold Sedar Senghor, one of the prime thinkers of this movement, eventually became president of the country of Senegal, creating a tradition of African writers becoming active political figures.Achebe was doubtless(prenominal) familiar with the negritude movement, although he preferred to less surrealistic and more realistic writing. In 1948, African literature came to the forefront of the world stage with Alan Patons publishing of Cry the Beloved Country. However, this book was a somewhat paternalistic and sentimental portrayal of Africa. some other African writer, Fraz Fanon, also a psychiatrist, becomes famous in 1967 through a powerful analysis of racial discrimination from the African viewpoint Black Skin, White Masks.Camara Laye explored the deep psychological ramification of being African in his masterpiece, The Dark baby bird (1953), and African satire is popularized by Mongo Beti and Ferdinand Oyono. Respected African literary critic Kofi Awoonor consistently collects and translates into English much of African oral culture and art forms, preserving native African culture. Chinua Achebe then presents this native African culture in his stunning work, Things Fall Apart. This is probably the most read work of African Literature ever written, and provides a level of deep cultural detail rarely found in European literature.Achebes psychological insight combined with his stark realism make his novel a classic. Post-Achebe African Literature Achebe simply opened the door for many other African literati to attain foreign recognition. East Africans produce important autobiographical works, such as Kenyans Josiah Kariukis Mau Mau Detainee (1963), and R. Mugo Gatherus Child of Two Worlds (1964). African women begin to let their voice be heard. Writers such as Flora Nwapa give the feminine African perspective on colonization and other African issues.Wole Soyinka writes her satire of the conflict mingled with modern Nigeria and its traditional culture in her book The Interpreters (1965). A prolific writer, she later produces famous plays such as Death and The Kings Horseman. Later, in 1986, she is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. African Literature gains more and more momentum, and Professor James Ngugi even calls for the abolition of the English Department in the University of Nairobi, to be replaced by a Department of African Literature and Languages. African writers J. M. Coetzee, in his Life and Times of Michael K. written in both Afrikaans and English for his South African audience, confronts in literature the oppressive regime of apartheid.Chinua Achebe helps reunite African Literature as a whole by publishing in 1985 African victimize Stories, a collection of African short stories from all over the continent. Another African writer, Naguib Mahfouz, wins the Nobel Prize in literature in 1988. In 1990 African poetry experiences a vital comeback through the work I is a Long-Memoried Woman by Frances Anne Soloman. African Literature is only gaining momentum as time marches onwards.

Aboriginal Suicide

self-annihilation and Healing immemorials Overcoming the Hardships and Barriers central peoples have had to endure many tragedies through bulge taradiddle, which has affected them emotionally and mentally. It is no peculiarity that this group of people argon amongst the highest suicide positions in Canada (Royal relegation on native Peoples, 1995). This is a look at those tragedies and how it is tied in with suicide, also mechanisms used by patriarchals to start the healing process. commentary of Suicide amongst Aboriginals Suicide and its roots in Aboriginal communities is said to be one of the many out puzzles of colonialism and atomic number 18 matters of great concern.The regard of someone dying from suicide affects the family and the community. umteen contri excepting factors of suicide and its attempts in two Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal be as hounded sexual abuse, family violence, solvent abuse, addictions, lack of proper leadership, deterioration of family st ructure, etc. Studies have sh deliver that the rate of suicide of all age groups amongst Aboriginals is 2 to 3 times higher than comp bed to the rate of non-Aboriginals. When it comes to the youth it is 5 to 6 times higher.This could be due to the fact that Aboriginal communities ar so close knit that when one commits suicide it causes a ripple effect. That being said we must channelize into consideration that, suicide is not skilful a problem in itself, scarcely the symptom of deeper problems (Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, 1995, p. 2). Residential Schools In the too soon 19th century the Canadian government took it upon themselves to develop and thrill for the Aboriginal peoples. They thought that the best way in doing so was to assimilate Aboriginals with Christian beliefs, the side of meat language and Canadian customs.Their idea was that Aboriginals would take their adoptive lifestyle and teach it to their children, with the notion that the native traditions and practices would be diminished or completely abolished at bottom a few generations. The Canadian government felt that children were easier to border than an adult (N. A. , 2010). They wished to minimize the amount of contact a child had with his or her rears and elders, so Aboriginal children were labored to relocate off reserve to a boarding school. Here the children would learn how to start in mainstream society, and obstruct who they were and what their culture had taught them.The schools were not ge ard toward academics, however sought to train them in manual labour and industrial work. These Aboriginal children were forced to lie in, work and learn in unsafe conditions due to the fact that facilities were not up to par, and the cheapest of supplies were used to erect the buildings (Kirwhitethorner et al. , 2007). The church officials used punishment to humiliate, undermine and cause injure to the children. For instance, upon arriving at the residential school the ch ildren were assigned numbers that would identify them and given severe haircuts hair has tremendous symbolism in many Aboriginal cultures.Many of the children were sexually abused, and in most cases it did not stay closeted in the residential schools, but made its way back to the communities where the victims would then become the perpetrators (Kirmayer et al. , 2007). Indian agents saw the Aboriginals extended family living as unfit and unnatural, and sought to shape them into a normal nuclear family. Aboriginal children were taking from their homes and placed in residential schools, which were usually located a significant distance off reserve. This made it nearly impractical for the families to visit one an otherwise.The children were allowed to write letters in order to come on in contact with their family, but the letters were looked over by the school officials to ensure no complaints were being made about their acetous treatment. This form of assimilation had a harsh imp act on aboriginal community, culture and society. It also took a toll on the parenting practices amongst many of the Aboriginal peoples (Kirmayer et al. , 2007). Impacts of Residential Schools When the law that allowed government officials to take Aboriginal children out of their communities passed, the effects were tragic.Many of the surviving adults are still tremendously traumatised, that they find being a good parent and community member troublesome (Alberta Health, 1995). The amount of abuse that Aboriginal children had to endure during those dark times has been attached to the current suffering of their communities. A lot have turned to alcohol and other substances to deal with their pain this in turn causes dysfunctional family units and communities. Many of the former students cannot give tongue to their languages and more or less tang too ashamed to teach it to their own children.This is because the staff took it upon themselves to punish ever child who acted or rundle like an Indian. When the children returned home there was a communication failure with their elders, because they were too ashamed to speak in their language reasons utter earlier on. Since they could not communicate to one another the opportunity to regard as their elders and learn their language and culture diminished. The gap on communication also led to a rejection of their traditionalistic set and beliefs, because the elders were the teachers of the community.While attending the school a significant amount of students were victims to sexual abuse at the workforce of educators, fellow students and administrators. But, the abuse didnt stop there the victimized students began internalizing, normalizing and even recreating the sexual abuse within their own communities. They themselves sought the power those of authority once had on them. This in turn added more dysfunction to the family ties with Aboriginal communities. The parents whose children were taken from them felt gui lty, like the children blamed them for the reasons they were being taken, they no longer felt take anymore.Some may say this is the reason many turned to alcohol and drugs (Kirmayer et al. , 2007). Jealousy and greed were taught in the schools and missions. You fought for bread, you fought for clothes. there was no cut involved. You were taken from your family and held in the missions for 10 months straight. The mothers and dads couldnt exercise their love. Now there are lots of people, who dont know how to raise kids, because this is what they went through, and thats what they pass on, because thats the only issue they know (Alberta Health, 1995, p. 9). The 60s ScoopThe term Sixties scoop refers to the adoption of Metis and First Nations children that took place during the 1960s. The have was derived due to the fact that during that decade the number of adoptions that took place in Canada was the highest in its history, in most cases children were literally scooped up from the ir families and community without the consent of their parents and fellow band members. During this time government officials and social works saw the Aboriginal peoples as unfit and could not adequately provide the children with what they needed.One of the reasons they thought this was because their houses were not similar to the Euro-Canadian houses for workout children ate wild meat and bannock and rather than having their cupboards stocked full of food, Aboriginals simply hunted and gathered what was needed. Many of the Aboriginals who were affected saw the removal of their children as a deliberate act of cultural genocide (Sinclair, 2011). close 70% of the children taken from their families were placed in non-Aboriginal homes, many of these homes denied them of their heritage and culture.A vast majority of the encourage families told the children they were of a different race such as Italian or French, rather than telling them where they had originally come from. A lot of th e children suspected they were of Aboriginal decent, but could not confirm it. This was due to the Government constitution that birth records could not be issued unless both the child and parent had given their consent. Many of the children floated from foster family to foster family and never really experience true stability.On numerous occasions Aboriginal children went from loving, caring and well intentioned Aboriginal families to places of slave labour and physical, sexual and emotional abuse. For, abuse of any kind was not uncommon and usually covered up, to hide just how unjust the government was (Hanson, 2009). Impacts of The 60s Scoop Many of the children experienced marginalization, identity confusion, attachment disorders, emotional emptiness, abuse, self-hatred, racism and even substance addictions. These experiences later affected their family units and communities, because they were taught that this was right.A study make in Prince Albert penitentiary found that 95% of incarcerated Aboriginals had been in foster care as a child. Also, a vast majority of surviving children are sexually exploited or live on the streets. This catastrophe was yet another blow that language and culture amongst Aboriginals peoples had to endure (Kirmayer et al. , 2007). Linking Tragedy to Suicide As stated earlier both of these tragedies have led to further cases of physical and sexual abuse, but there are links between them and the high number of suicides in Aboriginal communities as well. Studies have found hat mental illness, family breakdown and child abuse are higher in those who have experienced these tragedies than those who harbort. Some of these mental health problems have been diagnosed as residential school syndrome or RSS, some may say that the government spends too much time trying to diagnose them rather than trying to reanimate the problem. Aboriginal peoples not only suffered during these times, but the long lasting effects still reside with them today. So, Aboriginal peoples are still suffering. In fact, these negative consequences have a substantial impact on Aboriginal families and communities.Although many have not been able to cope with their pain, some have gone on to live healthy and successful lives. The many types of abuse these children faced have been very traumatic, and studies have shown that separation from families has the severest impact on ones mental health. Suicide itself is associated with emotional deprivation, separation of families and losses in early life. That being said, when the children were separated from their families and taken from what was familiar to them during both of these tragedies spoken of earlier, they became high risk (Kirmayer et al. 2007). There are 4 families of related factors of suicide within Aboriginal communities, they are * Psycho-biological factors- which are the various mental disorders coupled with suicide. * Life history or situational factors- which are the trauma one faces in early childhood, dysfunctional family, otiose to relate or trust both peers and members of authority, absence of spiritual and religious beliefs, imprisonment and substance abuse. * Socio-economic factors- unemployment, poverty, stability, successfulness and low class status. Culture stress- the loss of norms, values and beliefs there were originally to taught to one in their own culture (Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, 1995). Aboriginal Healing Processes Every community and Aboriginal individuals are unique in their own way. But, the beliefs these communities and band members hold are quite similar. In these communities the care and love everyone has for one another is tremendous, they feel a sense of belonging within the larger universe. When looking at any issue within a community the Aboriginal peoples remember that ou cant just look at one aspect of a person or community, but rather the total person, total community and total environment. In order for a per son to be healthy they must take care of themselves as a whole. For Aboriginal peoples this means that the mind, body, soul and emotional booze must all work together in order for one to be healthy. They also believe in the circle of life, that in order for the human race to progress we must follow the values of balance and harmony.Traditional healing is very important in the Aboriginal culture, in fact many traditional healers are now working within hospitals all across Canada. But, there are many hardships facing these healers such as finances, conflict with hospital staff and even Aboriginals who do not value this approach shot (Alberta Health, 1995). What happens in one stage of a persons life is interconnected with every other aspect of his or her life. Although many of the children who survived these above tragedies do not remember what happened or do not wish to think about it, they must try to heal and explore in order to keep on surviving.As children, there are limited o ptions, but as an adult we have choices to overcome these hardships, whether we ask to or not is totally up to oneself. In order to survive one must follow a substantiative path and take the following steps into consideration * Acknowledge that they have been damage * They must own these feelings of hurt and pain. * Explore and try to remember what happened to them. * Learn to share these feelings with people who care and are not judgemental. * Make choices that will help you live in a more positive lifestyle (Mussell et al. 1993). Some may say that the government succeeded in bringing down the Aboriginal peoples, but they are wrong to think that they will stay down. Many Aboriginal peoples have gone on to live happy healthy lives and will continue to teach their children these ways. But, in order for the people to survive we must help and try to live balanced lives free of racism and hate (Alberta Health, 1995). Healthy communities are our greatest resource. But there are barrie rs that prevent us from experiencing good health and they are oft as a result of our own lifestyles.Most of us have the knowledge of how to enhance our own health but knowing does not always translate into doing. Enhancing our health may require lifestyle neuter and habit changes, and that is difficult. It is easier to do things that make us feel good if we have resources available and support from those just about us and our community (Alberta Health, 1995, p. 68). References Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. (1995). Choosing life Special report on suicide among Aboriginal people. Ottawa, ON Canada Communication Group.Alberta Health. (1995). Strengthening the circle What Aboriginal Albertans say about their health. Edmonton, AB Aboriginal Health Unit Alberta Health. Kirmayer, L. J. , Brass, G. M. , Holton, T. , Paul, K. , Simpson, C. , & Tait, C. (2007). Suicide among Aboriginal people in Canada. Ottawa, ON Aboriginal Healing Foundation. Mussell, W. J. , Nicholls, W. M. , & Adler, M. T. (1993). Making meaning of mental health challenges in First Nations A Freirean perspective. Chilliwack, B. C. SalIShan Institute Society.Sinclair, R. (2011). Origins Canada Supporting those separated by adoption The 60s scoop. Retrieved from http//www. originscanada. org/the-stolen-generation/ N. A. (2008, May, 16). Residential schools A history of residential schools in Canada. Retrieved from http//www. cbc. ca/news/canada/story/2008/05/16/f-faqs-residential-schools. html Hanson, E. (2009). Sixties Scoop The sixties scoop & Aboriginal child welfare. Retrieved from http//indigenousfoundations. arts. ubc. ca/home/government-policy/sixties-scoop. html