Marxist Analyses And Motivation Theories Management Essay

Marxist Analyses And Motivation Theories Management Essay Motivation defined as: The set of processes that arouse, direct, and maintain human behaviour towards attaining some goal. Motivation is the inner drive that pushes individuals to act or perform. Employees motivation in a company or a firm is a very crucial management practice which should not be underestimated since its implications are very much pronounced. Motivated employees have greater concentration and are less likely to make mistakes, cause accidents or be involved in conflict. They are also likely to show greater loyalty to the company and have less absenteeism. Some authors argue that there is no problem of worker motivation in capitalist economics, as managers can rely on job insecurity to ensure compliance. Other have identified the characteristics of capitalism is that production of commodity occupies a dominant position and production of surplus value. The conflict of interests between owners and employees will be caused the problem of worker motivation in capitalist organizations (Knights and Willmott, 2007). Because of the owners interest is not making work more satisfying for employees but exploit them. The purpose of this essay was to explore is there a problem of worker motivation in capitalist economies. The following presents the literature reviews about motivation theories and Marxist analysis of the nature of capitalist economies. Secondly, the case of Wal-Mart that used illustrates the problem of worker motivation in capitalism. And also some critical arguments will be presented. Finally, make a conclusion that is based on the justified argument. Literature review: Marxist Analyses and Motivation Theories 2.1 Marxist Analyses Capitalism is a mode of production based on private ownership of the means of production (Heilbroner, 2008). Capitalists produce commodities for the exchange market and to stay competitive must extract as much labor from the workers as possible at the lowest possible cost. The economic interest of the capitalist is to pay the worker as little as possible, in fact just enough to keep him alive and productive (Isaac, 2008). In capitalism, the worker, who is alienated from the products he creates, is also estranged from the process of production, which he regards only as a means of survival. Estranged from the production process, the worker is therefore also estranged from his or her own humanity, since the transformation of nature into useful objects is one of the fundamental facets of the human condition (Pinder, 2008). The worker is thus alienated from his or her species being-from what it is to be human. Finally, the capitalist mode of production alienates human beings from other human beings (Harder, 2008). Deprived of the satisfaction that comes with owning the product of ones labor, the worker regards the capitalist as external and hostile (Carter, 1995). 2.2 Motivation Theories In this increasing competitive world where satisfaction of workers needs is the centre of attention for both private and public organizations. Not all people are motivated by the same thing and over time their motivations might changes (Hutchens, 1989). Therefore, Motivation theory can help us to consider the different investments which can be made in people. A motivated and qualified workforce is crucial to increase productivity and the quality of the organizational services in order to achieve organizational objectives (Isaac, 2008). The most popular needs classification is the one developed by Abraham Maslows. Maslow Hierarchy of Needs put forward a theory that there are five levels of human needs which employees need to have fulfilled at work. At the most basic level, an employee is motivated to work in order to satisfy basic physiological needs for survival, such as air, water, food, sex and sleep. Following the achievement of physiological needs, ones attention shifts to safety and security needs in order to overcome the threat of physical and emotional difficulties. The next three levels in Maslows theory relate to intellectual and psycho-emotional needs: love and belonging, esteem and finally the highest order need, self-actualization. He believes at this point individuals have the desire to achieve their full potential and skills (Anonymous, 2009). All of the needs are structured into a hierarchy and only once a lower level of need has been fully met, would a worker be motivated by the opportunity of havin g the next need up in the hierarchy satisfied (Pinder, 2008). For example a person who is dying of hunger will be motivated to achieve a basic wage in order to buy food before worrying about having a secure job contract or the respect of others (Locke Letham, 2004). Herzberg (1966) proposed a two factor (motivation-hygiene) motivation theory. The satisfier/motivators include achievement, recognition; work itself, responsibility, advancement and growth, while the hygiene factors include company policy and administration, relationship with supervisor, working conditions, personal life, salary, and relationship with subordinates, status, and security. Motivators are the factors that fulfill individuals needs for meaning and personal growth; hygiene factors create dissatisfaction when they are mishandled. Worker motivation problem in Wal-Mart In 2001, Wal-Mart became the worlds biggest company in terms of sales revenues and 2.1 million employees (Fortune, 2002). However, in order to minimize operating costs and maintain low prices, Wal-Mart pays relatively low wages, provides minimal benefits to its employees, and also Wal-Marts Punitive Policies Drive Employees to Work Sick. A deli section worker said: Everyone comes to work sick, including employees handling food. In the deli section, most of girls come coughing their brains out, but cant go home because of points coughing too loudly switch you to another department. Since you cant take days off. Her cough worsened, and she ended up hospitalized with pneumonia (Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights, 2009). Being sick, deli section work was hard because its a hot area, requiring in and out visits to a freezer to get meat. Everyone is sweating and your hair is all wet, but we cant use fans because of the dust (Greenhouse, 2002). Another Wal-Mart worker told: Wal-M arts (sick) policy has not changed, and no one said anything about this. As a result, one worker said morale is low in their workplace and pretty much everyone hates their jobs, but havent much choice in todays economic climate (Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights, 2009). Under Wal-Marts Open Availability policy, management demands everyone be available 24 7. A flood of people would leave the company if they could find other work. Fear and need keep them there. In order to provide low-cost products to customers, they cut staff salaries; reduce full-time employees health insurance fee and also no health insurance fee pay for temporary workers. Overall, Wal-Mart treats employees punitively. Theyre overworked, underpaid, and treated like wage slaves (Kaufman, 2000). Capitalist organization, like War-Mart think that they had managed quite well without to motivate staff, as they still rely on the fact that people need a job. Marx argues that labor is central to a human beings self-conception and sense of well-being. Labor are as much an act of personal creation and a projection of ones identity as it is a means of survival (Harder, 2008). However, Wal-Mart deprives employees of this essential source of self-worth and identity. The employees approaches work only as a means of survival and derive none of the other personal satisfactions of work because the products of his labor do not belong to him (Carter, 1995). Everyone comes to work sick, all of the staff do not have the right to rest when they are sick. Unless you found a new job then you can rest. If you are coughing too loudly that they will switch you to another department. Everyone hate their job but fear and need keep them continue to work. This entire situation is due to these individual rights are expropriated by capitalist company. In addition, the power of the profit motive encourages unscrupulous individuals to act unethically (Burawoy, 1979). Poor treatment of staff and lack of consideration for motivate. According to Maslows model of work motivation based on a hierarchy of needs in which individuals are posited to first seek the satisfaction of physiological needs before pursuing other desires (Ford, 1992). Employee is motivated first and foremost to satisfy physiological needs. Organizations must provide employees with a salary that enable them to afford adequate living conditions. Employees will feel less motivated to do some tasks if they feel their compensation is not appropriate. Paying employees less will lead to dissatisfaction. A dissatisfied employee is an unmotivated employee (Hutchens, 1989). However, wages at capitalist Wal-Mart have always been as little as we could get by with at the time The current wage does not honor Wal-Mart workers personal development and it stifles their participation as individuals in society (USA TODAY, 2012). According to Living Wage Calculator, the per-hour salary necessary to meet the minimal life necessities in Charlotte, North Carolina is approximately $8.73 per hour (Washington monthly, 2006). The current wage of many Wal-Mart employees falls well below this benchmark. From a more macroeconomic vantage point, economists estimate that the aggregate annual income of a full-time Wal-Mart employee is approximately $17,600 a year. Moreover, the annual income of an individual compensated by a living wage comes in at $18,152.40, well above Wal-Marts average figure. Even more disturbing, using very conservative estimates as approximations, a newly hired Wal-Mart employee can expect to earn approximately $14,560 annually. Not only does this figure fall far below the recommended living wage value, but it also only marginally clears the abject poverty standard for an individual of $11,201 (Anthony, 2006). In Wal-Mart, Employees money need does not satisfy. The company pay minimum wages but in getting in more out of them. Their minimum wages only enable workers to survival, let alone to meet other needs. These salary figures ha ve direct bearing on a Wal-Mart employees ability to purchase health care. Some authors said that it happens because the capitalists monopolize one thing: surplus value of labour belongs to them (Braverman, 1974). Another researcher said that capitalism has its drawbacks. Profit is a motivator who lacks morals. It is focused only on a single outcome of business actions ignoring all other outcomes (Cater, 1995). Company pays lower wages to gain higher profits. Wal-Mart cannot meet staff needs it will led them lack of motivation, that they tend to resort to anti-work behaviours such as absenteeism, late-coming, failure to meet deadlines, display of open frustration and all these factors work negative to the performance and credibility of an organization. As a result, with most the recent staff cynicism and resign, shoppers are waiting longer for service and getting upset (Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights, 2009). It can be observed that Herzberg (1990) ranked hygiene and motivator factors as the most important motivational theory when uncertainty exists, problems can arise. If an employee is concerned that her job is not secure, she/he may be unmotivated to produce a full effort. Without safety, an employee can be unmotivated. If the motivational factors are met, the employee becomes motivated and work performs higher (Ford, 1992). In Wal-Mart, the working environment is bad that deli section workers working in a hot area, where everyone is sweating, but they cant use fans because of the dust. For above situation, Wal-Mart does not do anything and do not make any changes to meet employees needs. As well as, Open Availability policy also let staff feel that they become Wal-Wart Androids. For reducing the costs, Wal-Mart cut employees health insurance fee, and no insurance fee paid for part-time workers. Capitalist organizations think that they had quite well without theories of motivation; managers can rely on the fact that people need a job as a powerful force for motivation (Knights and Willmott, 2007). Their interests is not making work more satisfying for employees but in getting in more out of them. As a result of lack of employees motivation, most of employees began to hate their jobs, give a negative emotional attachment to their jobs, and being dissatisfied with its role in the work environment. Further, a recent study shown that; employee motivation is directly proportional to organizational performance and profitability (Fortune, 2002). With all these negative and unappealing characteristics of being a Wal-Mart employee, why do people inevitably find themselves working at this dreadful modern day sweatshop passed off as a nationwide superstore? Wal-Mart has left their employees in a dilemma that produces the mindset that no other stores will provide a job opportunity in this difficult economy but in return employees receive extremely poor treatment and considerably low wages (Nlcnet, 2001). Conclusion The problem of worker motivation is inevitable under capitalism because the workers are an exploited class. The lower their wages are, the higher the owners profits. The owners take the products, services and infrastructure created by the workers, sell them on the market, and pay the workers as little as possible. The Maslow need theories maintain that an individual is motivated to do something if he or she experiences a specific need that may be fulfilled directly or indirectly by performing that action. The lower order needs have to be satisfied in order to pursue higher level motivators along the lines of self fulfillment. In addition, Herzberg said that in order to motivate people an organization needs to first have the baseline that is the hygiene factors in place and then the motivators will be used to motivate and in absence of the base line motivation is not possible to achieve. It is indicative of the above discussion that most of the employees need to motivate. However, in the case of Wal-Mart, they paying staff lower wages, cut their self-control, and also the sick policy regulates everyone comes to work when they sick. Under those circumstances, most of the employees began to hate their jobs, and being dissatisfied with its role in the work environment. All of this is due to compan y wants to profit maximization. In sum, the long-term survival of any organisation depends largely on the motivation of its employees be it financial or non-financial. Therefore organisations should be willing to continuously and on regular basis, undertake employees surveys such as this one in order to understand what their employees expects from their current job. The result of such exercises could prove useful for the organisation, because knowing what their employees wants and efforts in meeting these needs facilitate a mutual working environment for both the employees and its management. Using the power to motivate workers will cause worker motivation problem.

Business Plan For Livestock Fodder Company Marketing Essay

Business Plan For Livestock Fodder Company Marketing Essay The idea of the project was derived from market analysis, its demand and supply of camel fodder in Saudi Arabia. The problems which occurred in late 2007 in camel breed were main initiator of idea to develop and place new camel fodder in Saudi Arabia market. Due to contamination of fodder in 2007 which resulted in outrageous more than 2000 camel deaths the investigation was undertaken and the fodder was found to be stored in bad conditions and due to price efficiency, poor quality ingredients of camel fodder were used. We are aware of substances which were found in contaminated fodder. Designing the new product will consider following factors: Purpose of camel breeding (racing camels, beauty contests, general breed) possible nutrition differentiation Camel nutrition requirements Vitamins added value Storage solutions Packing solutions (vacuum packing) Contamination awareness Camel fodder preferences Price sensitivity Product competitiveness Product shape Quality sensitiveness Due to low labour and semi-products costs, production in Poland will give the competitive advantage based on price. Relatively high supply of ingredients in Poland which are essential to produce the fodder will be also advantageous. Our propositions of character of this project as follows: Establishing new brand which will cater for all kind of camel breeders. Opening site which will cover everything from production through packing and dispatch. Establishing supply chain and finding possible sub contractors. Subcontracting all operations to other companies in Poland. This will be less cost consuming and much faster in executing. Branding the product. Objectives Establishing fully working production line of Livestock fodder, prepared for transport Setting up good distribution channels and supply chain which will lead to cost effective and save  transportation to Saudi Arabia We would like to sustain reliable service to our customers In three years from the start we would like to meet 0,377% of total livestock feed demand of Saudi Arabia Which will account on average  sales 3459,4 Tones Per month This figure can be achieved when productivity of production line will be set  at 70 % In first year of operating, we would like to achieve 60%  of all sales contracted for few years ahead Mission Royal  Camel  seeks to  produce the lowest  acceptable price   and by providing the highest quality product and competitive features  as vacuum packaging which affects on much longer storage possibilities. We value our relationships with future customers and hope to communicate our appreciation to them through our outstanding, guaranteed product quality, personal service, and on-time delivery. Our commitment to our customers and the country of Saudi Arabia will be reflected through honest and responsible business. Keys to Success Due to low labour and semi-products costs, production in Poland will give the competitive advantage based on price. Relatively high supply of ingredients in Poland which are essential to produce the fodder will be also advantageous. Reliable and Motivated Hardworking Stuff Reasonably big financial backup will be also key to success as it will secure operational flexibility Well Developed Business network in Saudi Arabia will lead to fast and effective product introduction  in the  market Long term business relationship with suppliers and clients After establishing company in the market, possible product modification according to customer requirements. Developing good marketing strategy, finding new channels of communication with customers. Potential barriers Critical Paths and areas of Slack Products The Royal Camel  company intention is to produce  a fodder which is made from hay. Product Description Competitive Comparison Distinction  of product in competitive market. The product distinction will be based on price and packaging solutions. Customer in the moment of decision will chose product of a better quality. Our packaging will be main factor which will persuade customer of a great quality of the product. The other reason for customer to choose our product  will be  price.  The mix of price and quality will give competitive advantage we are looking for. Comparing to other products, our will not be as complicated notional wise. It is going to be cheaper and available to all customers.   Sales Literature As a part of marketing campaign, we are planning to prepare product brochures which will be presenting our company, supply chain and describing our products. Those brochures will be sent out to core players on the Saudi Arabian Market, to nutrition and big Camel Farms  to inform them about new solution. On the other hand, we will be trying to enter on the Saudi Arabian Market by articles in agricultural magazines and local press. We would like  also to have  also strong support of authorities in Saudi Arabia because at the moment the situation on the  livestock feed market is very close to monopolistic practices which are illegal and  brings also  lack of market balance and safety.    Technology The technology will be based mainly  on one Spanish company which is in the market for over 30 years in the market of industrial machinery. The production line will include the newest technology developed for this kind of product. (See Appendix 1) Dryer Bales grinders Fiber cooling line Milling line Pelleting line Control panels Dryers Project Organisation 8.1 Personell Plan 8.1.1 Management team People responsible for financial planning and all organizational issues 8.1.2 Supervisors   People responsible for  labours productivity during shifts 8.1.3 Secretary   Person responsible for appointments, researches, data gathering, communication and other office duties 8.1.4 Technicians   People responsible for proper line operation 8.1.5 Security   Whole object security 8.1.6 Labours   People responsible for production 8.1.7 Project Consultants Group of external specialists responsible for consultacy 8.2 Personell Plan- Finantial Summary According to Polish Standard pay rates, we have chosen satisfactory (but not very high) amounts. Nevertheless, we expect 10% rise every year as a performance bonus PROJECT CONSULTANTS ARE NOT TAKEN UNDER CONCIDERATION AS THEY ARE GOING TO BE HIRED ONLY FOR PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS Personnel Plan Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Management team à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬33 600 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬36 960 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬40 656 Supervisors à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬10 200 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬11 220 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬12 342 Secretary à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬6 600 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬7 260 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬7 986 Technicians à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬8 400 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬9 240 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬10 164 Security à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬24 000 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬26 400 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬29 040 Labours à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬24 000 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬26 400 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬29 040 Total People 11 11 11 Total Payroll à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬106 800 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬117 480 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬129 228 Company Locations and Facilities The Location the Royal Camel Production Line is going to be based in Poland in small city called Pyzdry.   (52 ° 10 N  /  17 ° 41 E). We will need around: 3200 m2The reason why that particular city has been chosen is because of high amount of grass around the whole area. We were looking for compromise between the land price and richness of the green resources surrounding production line. Moreover we were trying to find places with networking. On the other hand, the choice of Poland because of  cheap labour and high amount of ingredients available. Facilities We expect following Facilities on the production site: 9.1 Production line: Packaging section Shredding section Dryers Cooling section Grinding Section Pelleting Section Pellet cooling section Structures and platforms Control Panel Electricity dispenser 9.2 Offices and canteens Canteen with kitchen Toilets Managers office Secretarys office Conference office Technician office.   9.3 Car Park for labours and gests Legal and contractual issues Risk Assesment SWOT ANALISYS 12.1 Strengths 12.1.1 The Price Value Correlation The main Strength and advantage of Royal Camel fodder will be based on desired correlation between high quality of the product  and low production cost. The price-Value Correlation will be achieved by two advantageous factors: The low production cost  will be achieved by low labour and semi-products costs, so production in Poland will give the competitive advantage based on price. Relatively high supply of ingredients in Poland which are essential to produce a reach and high quality  fodder 12.1.2 Possibilities of longer Storage Due to contamination of fodder in 2007 which resulted in outrageous more than 2000 camel deaths the investigation was undertaken and the fodder was found to be stored in bad conditions and due to price efficiency, poor quality ingredients of camel fodder were used. The final Products of royal Camel will be pellets and bales. Both of them, just after Pelleting and baling process will be packed in vacuum way. This will affect with longer storage possibilities due to lack of air which impacts on reducing the anaerobic and aerobic  bacterias evolution. 12.1.3 High Qualified workforce People responsible for production process will be high skilled and motivated due to innovatory motivation management strategy so we plan that no mistakes and failures will occur within production process. 12.1.4 Best Quality Machines Another very important advantage of business will be cooperation with World class specialists in area of production lines. The Spanish Company will cover whole production line design and  engineering. Moreover, they will take care about first two weeks of production period to  arrange all improvements in process and train people. 12.1.5 Multipurpose solution The last important Advantage of This production line offer is fact that while planning whole investment, we took under consideration other investments of Saudi Arabian Investors in Poland, so if there  was a lack of Horse Fodder For some reasons we will be able to fill the demand extemporaneously at camel fodder expense. 12.2 Weaknesses 12.2.1 Price Limitations The main weakness of Royal Camel base product will be fact that its recipe is limited because of its low price. It means that product will be reach but it wont be a Premium product. However this Problem can be easily overcame by implementing strategy which will allow stretching the brand and preparing the production line of expensive premium product. 12.3 Opportunities The idea of the business opportunity was derived from market analysis, its demand and supply of camel fodder in Saudi Arabia. The problems which occurred in late 2007 in camel breed were main initiator of idea to develop and place new camel fodder in Saudi Arabia market. Due to contamination of fodder in 2007 which resulted in outrageous more than 2000 camel deaths the investigation was undertaken and the fodder was found to be stored in bad conditions and due to price efficiency, poor quality ingredients of camel fodder were used. We are aware of substances which were found in contaminated fodder. Designing the new product will consider following factors: Purpose of camel breeding (racing camels, beauty contests, general breed) possible nutrition differentiation Camel nutrition requirements Vitamins added value Storage solutions Packing solutions (vacuum packing) Contamination awareness Camel fodder preferences Price sensitivity Product competitiveness Product shape Quality sensitiveness As an international company we would like to  share the market with competitors based on Saudi Arabia market and Producers from other countries. 12.4 Threths 12.4.1 To strong competition of ARASCO and sssssssss There are two core competitors on the Saudi Arabian Market. Both of them are well established companies which together  hold over 60% of the market. Nevertheless Royal Camel will be able to cover  0,377%  of the Arabian Livestock Market 12.4.2 Seasonal Fluctuations of Demand It is obvious that demand can change and fluctuate. Nevertheless, we would like to contract  orders onwards with customers Seasonal Fluctuations of ingredients  Price Occurrence The harvest period is between July and August so contracting will be done whole year onwards, nevertheless because of natural disasters like floods, dry weather, wind, the wheat prices can change but according to last years experience, the changes should not be higher than +, 10% 12.4.3 Technical Machines used in our project will be the best and most reliable  on the market, nevertheless, breakdowns are possible and we have to be aware that drops in production fluency are possible. Control of the implementation of the plan Startup Expenses Description Legal issues As a Legal Issues, we understand Lawyers expenses, opening new partnership, advisory etc. Insurance   The insurance of the company is very important  in case of fire, floods and all other unpredicted  threats Building costs of factory   The issue of building costs is counted with material (steel) and cost of assembly Building Cost of office   In case of savings, we have chosen the cheapest solutions (office containers) this solution mixes low costs with high functionality. Instead of building new offices, we will buy ready mobile premises which can be assembled into office Projects   All projects of architects: Factory project, Offices projects land development spatial development Web Design quality sample test Before sales, we will have to send around 20 samples of fodder and check its full specifications Assembly of the Production line   The service of assembling, creating and starting up the whole production line by the Spanish Company Production Line Machines: Shredding:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚      Drying  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Cooling  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   Grinding  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   Pelleting  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pellets cooling  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Structures and platforms   Packing Land:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Car park land  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Startup Expenses Summary Requirements Legal Issues à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬28 000 Insurance à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬3000 Building costs of factory (steel construction) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬2 200 000 Building Cost of office à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬19 000 Projects à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬4 300 Web Design à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬1 000 quality sample test à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬700 Assembly of the Production line à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬232 000 building car park à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬10 000 Total Start-up Expenses à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬2 495 000

The Nature of Good and Evil in Stevensons The Strange case of Dr Jekyl

The Nature of Good and Evil in Stevenson's The Strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Introduction: Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is the story of a gifted doctor who discovers a drug which can release the evil side of one's nature. This drug changes Dr Jekyll into Mr Hyde. Stevenson does not reveal the details of Jekyll's story until the end of the novel, but presents the tale as mystery, in which the main characters try to figure out the identity of Mr Hyde and understand his strange relationship with Dr Jekyll. This story follows the gothic genre and below I will explain some gothic features that are used in this story This story follows 'The Faust Motif'. This is The use of a monster (Mr Hyde) Due to the fact that he looks abnormal, disabled and is ugly people feel uncomfortable around him and scared to stand anywhere near him. Another feature would be that Dr Jekyll has a second self or in other words an alternate identity being Mr Hyde. This book uses multiple narratives. This is when the story is told through many different perspectives so that the reader can make up his own mind about what the story is actually about. This story we first hear through the perspective of Mr Utterson and Mr Enfield as they try to discover the relationship between Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Then as the story progresses we hear Mr Hyde's story and towards the end we hear Dr Jekyll' story. I think that Stevenson was trying to show that good and evil cannot be changed or intervened with using the aid of science. He gets his point across when we find out how Dr Jekyll ends up suffering and leading to his own downfall by trying to get rid of hi... ...t they have seen, experienced and had evidence of rather than talking about what they have heard Conclusion In this essay I have gone through the main points of the story. From the beginning where Mr Hyde tramples the young girl and Mr Utterson and Mr Enfield decide to track Mr Hyde. Then I carried on by going onto how the doors of houses and other places can symbolise what is behind them and what type of person uses them. After that I analysed Mr Hyde in depth and discussed his actions. Including when he trampled the young girl and paid her family money to avoid any sort of trouble. Then he brutally murdered Sir Danvers Carew, even though from the maids perspective it seemed as if they were friends. Then I commented on the use of multiple narratives and the relationship between the narrators.

Essays --

According to Mondy, Noe, & Gowan (2005), global dimensions such as variations in cultural practices imply that the success of organizations depend on management’s ability to market and manage in multicultural settings. To a greater extent, organizations that operate only within one country enjoy the benefits of dealing with a relatively homogenous set of cultural, legal, and economic variables. When a company operates multiple businesses in several countries, it is not blessed with such relative uniformity (Mondy, Noe, & Gowan, 2005). Consequently, the human resource management function in multinational companies such as Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts is significantly complicated by the need to adapt human resource management procedures and policies to the differences among the various countries in which the organization operates. With respect to the case of Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, there are several issues that Kathleen Taylor (President, Worldwide Operations) should focus on so as to create a balance in concepts related to cultural awareness and control mechanisms. These issues include cultural factors, economic factors, labor cost factors, and industrial relations factors. In the case of cultural factors, it is a widely accepted fact that wide-ranging cultural variations in different countries demand corresponding variations in human resource practices among an organization’s foreign subsidiaries. For example, the cultural norms in a country like Japan or other Far East countries and the importance that people place on the patriarchal system has an effect on the typical Japanese worker’s perception of his/her relationship to the employee. Consequently, this has an influence on how that person works. Such cultural diff... ...es of each business unit. The president must have the experience and capacity to manage generational and cultural diversity in the complex global environment. The communication strategy employed by the company should transmit the values, image and objectives of the company as the finest home or destination away from home that meets and exceeds the needs of diverse clients and stress it from time to time. The president should orient the organization to administer a results-driven approach. This approach sets targets for each department and ensures that those goals are achieved through evaluation and control. She should be open-minded to allow views of other departments to form the basis of her decisions. Finally, the president should keep herself abreast with the happenings in the hotel industry and benchmark accordingly through expert advice and continuous learning.

The Significance of Chapter 5 to Mary Shelleys Frankenstein :: Papers

The Significance of Chapter 5 to Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Chapter 5 has a significant part in the novel Frankenstein as a whole because it links to what happens later in the story. This is shown by the language, setting, character's behaviour, the relationship to gothic tradition and contemporary issues. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, which is a very well know gothic horror story was first published in 1818, where traditional gothic conventions are used. Mary Shelley was born on the 30th, August, 1797 and she first met Percy Bysshe Shelley and immediately fell in love with him and later on got married. However society didn't approve with their marriage because he was already a married man and she was only 16 and they weren't married to each other. Victor Frankenstein was born in Genevese, which is mentioned in the opening paragraph, "I am by birth a Genevese, and my family is one of the most distinguished of that republic." The basic story of Frankenstein is about a monster that was created by Victor and when he discovered this he was shocked. Since this day close family has been murdered and the monster has been following Victor. A lot of suspicious things have happened and until the end of the story Victor is fighting against the Monster. The monster finally dies and Victor's ambition is complete in destroying the monster. The past of the novel gives a contemporary significance as it brings forward the subject of cloning and stem cell research, which is a controversial subject matter today. Frankenstein's monster is created by Victor, this brings the matter forward of cloning and stem cell research, as Victor would have needed to do a lot of research before completing his creation. The novel shows that by creating clones, it doesn't always turn out to plan, as Frankenstein's monster turns out to be evil and commits several murders. In the novel it has many modern gothic conventions. In Frankenstein there are boundaries between life and death and emphasise on real horror. Mary Shelley explores the darker side of the human psyche and

Home Based Childcare Risk Assessment

Course Code|Course Title|Assignment No. and Name | DS31|Diploma in Home-Based Childcare Unit 1|2a Keeping children safe and healthy| This is a Risk Assessment of a domestic setting to be used for childminding, the children will have access to the following rooms/areas: Hallway/Stairs Downstairs Toilet Dining Room Kitchen Lounge Bedroom Garden Possible hazards and risks for each room/area are detailed below: 1. Hallway/Stairs – Access to the stairs, risk of falling. 2. Downstairs Toilet – Risk of chemical poisoning (bleach and cleaning chemicals); access to contaminated water from the toilet bowl. 3.Dining Room – Risk of shock from electrical sockets; radiators that may get very hot to the touch; cupboards with breakable items inside. 4. Kitchen – Fire and burn hazards from the cooker; cupboards containing cleaning chemicals; flexes from appliances and appliances themselves are a hazard. 5. Lounge – Electrical sockets; radiators; wires and cables fro m the TV are visible, young children could play with them/trip on them/get an electrical shock or worse; clear glass patio doors; a rug that could pose a trip or slip hazard. 6. Bedroom – Electrical sockets; radiator; windows with openings children could reach. . Garden – Sheds with gardening equipment (such as a lawnmower and shears) and chemicals. It is necessary to carry out the following measures to minimise/overcome these hazards: 1. Hallway/Stairs – Install safety gates at the top and bottom of the stairs. 2. Downstairs Toilet – Remove and lock away all chemicals; install a toilet lock to prevent toddlers being able to access the toilet bowl. 3. Dining Room – Fit socket covers to all accessible electrical sockets; install childproof locks on all accessible cupboards; fit radiator covers to prevent burns. 4.Kitchen – Install a safety gate; install childproof locks to all accessible cupboards that may contain chemicals or breakable items ; keep plastic bags out of sight and reach; fix safety film to the glass door; keep all appliances and flexes pushed to the back of surfaces (toaster, microwave, kettle); keep a fire blanket in a sensible place in easy reach in emergencies. 5. Lounge – Fit socket covers to all accessible electrical sockets; fit radiator covers; apply an anti-slip underlay to the rug; tidy the TV cables out of reach and sight; apply stickers at child eye level on the glass patio doors to prevent children running into them. . Bedroom – Fit socket covers; radiator covers; ensure window locks are always used to prevent children falling out. 7. Garden – Separate outdoor play items from gardening equipment/chemicals in the shed, keeping dangerous items out of reach; ensure children are always supervised when accessing the outdoor play equipment in the shed. Other Measures to include: anti-slam device to internal doors, fitting locks to all rooms children are not allowed access to and testing fire alarms on a regular basis.

I’m the King of the Castle Essay

Qn: In her after word, the writer talks about â€Å"the evil – for I think I evil-of Hooper†. What do you think the novel says about the nature of evil in people? In my perspective, I do not believe that people are born evil. â€Å"Evil† is undisputedly an arbitrary term whereby different people have different scope of what evil is. Susan Hill’s definition of â€Å"evil† is that of Hooper -being sadistic and afflicting harm in others, as seen in Hooper. Yet, I feel that Hill’s definition of â€Å"evil† is rather cynical and biased. Hill should not even relate Hooper to â€Å"evil† in the first place, as the child is still growing up and does not know how to differentiate between good and bad, and the fact that he does not receive any love and care sort of make him an â€Å"emotionless† person. Thus purely describing him as evil is somewhat biased. I think better adjectives to describe him are probably contumacious and unfeeling. In my essay, I’ll first prove that Hooper’s cruelty is due to his lack of fundamental love and care and that it is due to some circumstances that drove him to be who he is. Secondly, I’ll prove that Hooper cannot be really blamed for his evilness, and lastly, I’ll counter opposing arguments put across and further reinforce on my motion. Firstly, the fact that Hooper is cruel cannot be denied. Yet, one must take into consideration that it is the environment and external influences that led him to be evil. Hooper is born into a dysfunctional family. His mother died when he was very young, and that deprived him of mother-love, which is often thought to be very important and influential during a child’s growing phase. In addition, Hooper’s situation is made worse due to lack of father’s care and understanding. Hooper is thus deprived of any love and care, which any other normal child would have gotten. Thus, he could only turn to being evil, probably to attract attention from his only kin, which is his father. Hooper’s hostile attitude towards Kingshaw indeed makes readers feel indignant. However, the crucial point here, which I feel, is why Hooper is so mean towards Kingshaw. It is a fact that all living beings need companionship. Hooper’s cruelty towards Kingshaw could be a way he shows affection. Well, we never know for sure how some people choose to show affection. And cruelty could be how Hooper chooses to show. Furthermore, Hooper has never ever experienced the true feeling of love and care. So most probably, he doesn’t know anything about love. So, that explains why he thinks cruelty is a form of affection. Taking for instance the case of ailing pets. Veterinarians and pet lovers, in a bid to stop their precious pets from suffering more pain, put them to sleep. This, irrefutable, is a cruel thing, but it is a way pet lover show their affection towards their pets. Now, are their actions really evil and inhumane? I, basically, think this action is not a cruel thing, but rather, something piteous as it helps to alleviate the pet’s pain. Basically, this sentence sums up that the fact that I do not believe that people are born evil, but rather it is â€Å"nurture†, rather â€Å"nature†, that turns people evil. In addition, Hooper’s actions, to me, can be justified as being selfish rather than evil. We all know that Hooper is possessive. He wants Warings to himself and does not waste any attempt drive away â€Å"redundant people† living in Warings. His actions are certainly more of Selfishness than Evilness. The fact that Hooper is merely a young child further accentuates and explains why he is so selfish. Afterall, young child are more self-centered and possessive. This can be illustrated by the fact that a young child only accepts their parents’ full, unscattered love and concern, and more often than ever, news of the arrival of another child, only make them fret about the amount on concern they would receive. Thus, Hooper’s selfishness is somehow understandable. On the other side of the coin, Kingshaw is undoubtedly kind. Critics have commented on Kingshaw as having â€Å"natural goodness†. Now, the question is, if people are born evil, then why is Kingshaw still so kind? Kingshaw has been inundated with taunts and torments from Hooper. Yet, there is still this tinge of kindness inside him that made him remain good right from the start, albeit he did harbour some ill intentions of harming Hooper initially (â€Å"had only to move his hand†¦so that he would topple through the well of the staircase†, chapter 2). So, if people were to born evil, then, why is Kingshaw still benevolent? Therefore, my motion, that people are not born evil, is further reinforced here. In conclusion, I’d like to state that it is nurture, not nature, that made Hooper evil, and that people are certainly not born evil. Perhaps one simple analogy one to reinforce my point is that when an adopted child commits a crime, the ones he would blame are definitely his foster parents and not his natural parents. Why? Because it’s nurture rather than nature, that makes one who he is. With this, I end my essay.